Clinical trial Recruiting at 1 site Interventional Ages 21 to 44

Sex differences in how menthol e-cigarettes appeal to people who smoke

Official title: Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Perception: Study 2

Run by Yale University · NCT07398976 · Data updated 2026-11-12

This study tests whether men and women differ in how menthol e-cigarettes with or without nicotine appeal to smokers who have used e-cigarettes before.

More E-cigarette Use trials

Quick facts

Study typeInterventional
Ages21 Years to 44 Years
SexAll
Enrollment60 (estimated)
SponsorYale University
Academic / other
Locations1 site (New Haven, Connecticut)
StatusRecruiting
StartedJuly 30, 2026
Main results expectedApril 1, 2027
Study endsApril 1, 2027
Registry record updatedSeptember 2, 2026
Trial IDNCT07398976 on ClinicalTrials.gov

Is this trial a fit for you?

Likely a good fit

Current cigarette smokers with prior e-cigarette exposure who can read and write in English and are not seeking to quit.

Probably not a fit

Individuals without prior e-cigarette experience or those seeking to quit smoking may not experience direct benefits from this study.

A plain-English reading of the study's rules. Only the study team can confirm whether you qualify.

What this trial studies

Researchers will compare how sex influences preferences for menthol-flavored e-cigarettes with varying nicotine levels. Participants who currently smoke and have prior e-cigarette experience will sample menthol products with 0 mg/mL, 36 mg/mL, and 59 mg/mL nicotine, while a progressively harder-to-earn menthol nicotine product is offered alongside a low-cost menthol non-nicotine option. The study will measure product preference, choice behavior, and exploratory outcomes related to reward, appeal, and sensory effects. The design includes initial sampling and a decision paradigm to assess craving and preference patterns by sex. Safety screening will exclude individuals with high medical risk or menthol allergies.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, findings could inform how menthol and nicotine content influence product appeal across sexes, aiding tailored harm-reduction or policy discussions.

How similar studies have gone: Previous research has explored sex differences in nicotine-related responses, but this study applies a novel paradigm focused on menthol-flavored, nicotine-containing and non-nicotine e-cigarettes.

Who can join: the full rules

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* Able to read/write in English
* Current cigarette smoking
* Prior e-cigarette exposure
* Biochemically verified cigarette use
* Not trying to quit tobacco use

Exclusion Criteria:

* Significant medical concerns that would increase study risk
* Use of psychoactive drugs unless prescribed and stable
* Allergy to menthol or other e-liquid ingredients
* Dislike of menthol
* Pregnant, trying to get pregnant, breastfeeding

Where it's running

  • Yale School of Medicine
    New Haven, Connecticut, United States
    Recruiting

Study contacts

Similar studies

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How to take part

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Check the official listing on ClinicalTrials.gov for the latest contact details and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the study coordinator or principal investigator to ask for pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Last reviewed 2026-11-14 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.