Using brain feedback to reduce phantom limb pain in amputees

Operant Conditioning of Sensory Evoked Potentials to Reduce Phantom Limb Pain

Not applicable Interventional VA Office of Research and Development · NCT05880251

This study is testing a new way to help amputees reduce phantom limb pain by using brain feedback and gentle stimulation over several weeks.

Quick facts

PhaseNot applicable
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment20 (estimated)
Ages18 Years and up
SexAll
SponsorVA Office of Research and Development Federal
Locations1 site (Albany, New York)
Trial IDNCT05880251 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This study investigates a non-pharmacological operant conditioning approach to alleviate phantom limb pain (PLP) in individuals who have undergone limb amputation. Participants will receive non-painful peripheral stimulation while their brain responses are recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). They will receive real-time visual feedback to help promote normal sensorimotor responses over three sessions per week for 8-9 weeks, followed by follow-up assessments at 3 and 6 months. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this method in reducing pain intensity and improving quality of life for those affected by PLP.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are individuals aged 18 and older who have experienced a limb amputation more than 6 months ago and suffer from moderate to severe phantom limb pain.

Not a fit: Patients with unstable medical conditions, cognitive difficulties, or skin disorders affecting EEG recording may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this approach could significantly reduce phantom limb pain and improve the quality of life for amputees.

How similar studies have performed: While similar non-pharmacological interventions have shown promise, this specific operant conditioning approach using real-time brain feedback is relatively novel.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* An upper (or lower limb) amputation more than 6 months ago, that has produced a moderate to severe hand/arm (or foot/leg) phantom limb pain,
* Male or female age 18 years or older,
* Medical clearance to participate,
* Reasonable expectation that ongoing medications, if any, will be maintained without change for at least 4 months from the start of the study,
* Able to provide informed consent and to understand the study instructions,
* Able to participate in the specific study procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Presence of other medically unstable and/or infectious condition (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes with recent weight loss, diabetic coma, frequent insulin reactions),
* A cardiac condition (e.g., history of myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure),
* Cognitive and/or attention difficulties affecting participant's ability to follow study directions,
* Known skin disorders or damaged skin at the anticipated at the scalp for EEG recording (e.g., unhealed wounds, broken skin).
* Metal implants above the chest

Where this trial is running

Albany, New York

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions Phantom Limb Pain After AmputationLower Limb AmputationUpper Limb AmputationPhantom PainChronic PainPhantom limb painAmputationOperant Conditioning
Last reviewed 2026-06-09 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.