Reducing harm for smokers with mental illness using e-cigarettes

Harm Reduction for Smokers With Mental Illness: RCT of E-cigarette Provision With or Without Behavioral Support to Boost Switching

NA · Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center · NCT06543407

This study is testing whether giving e-cigarettes with or without online support can help daily smokers with serious mental illness manage stress and reduce harm, even if they aren't ready to quit smoking yet.

Quick facts

PhaseNA
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment250 (estimated)
Ages21 Years and up
SexAll
SponsorDartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (other)
Locations2 sites (Louisville, Kentucky and 1 other locations)
Trial IDNCT06543407 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This study compares the effectiveness of providing e-cigarettes with and without behavioral support through telehealth for smokers with serious mental illness who are not ready to quit smoking. It aims to reduce harm by examining how e-cigarettes can be used as a coping mechanism for stress and distress. Participants must be daily smokers with a history of quit attempts but currently uninterested in cessation. The study will assess self-regulation and self-efficacy as potential mechanisms for behavior change.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates include adults aged 21 and older with serious mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorders who smoke at least 10 cigarettes a day.

Not a fit: Patients currently interested in quitting smoking or those with certain medical conditions, such as asthma or cognitive impairment, may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this approach could provide a safer alternative for smokers with mental illness, reducing their tobacco-related harm.

How similar studies have performed: Other studies have shown promise in using e-cigarettes for harm reduction among smokers, but this specific approach with telehealth support is relatively novel.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Diagnostic Criteria (must have one to be eligible):

* Schizophrenia
* Bipolar disorder
* Major Depressive Disorders
* Posttraumatic disorder
* Other anxiety disorders

Additional Inclusion Criteria:

* 21 years or older;
* English-speaking;
* Daily smoker (at least 10 cigarettes/day);
* At least one quit attempt in the past 5 years using evidence- based pharmacotherapy or behavioral cessation support;
* Not currently interested in quitting.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Currently residing in a nursing home;
* Current diagnosis of Asthma;
* Cognitive impairment (score \<26 on the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS);
* Current use of e-cigarettes (\>once a week);
* Psychiatric instability (hospitalized in the past month);
* Current AND moderate to severe substance use disorder;
* Pregnant or planning to become pregnant;
* Use of any smoked products other than cigarettes;
* Current unstable medical illness making e-cigarette unsafe (e.g., recent heart attack, cancer);
* Participation in SWITCH IT pilot study.

Where this trial is running

Louisville, Kentucky and 1 other locations

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.

View on ClinicalTrials.gov →

Conditions: Tobacco Dependence, serious mental illness, harm reduction, e-cigarettes

Last reviewed 2026-05-15 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.