Peer support program to improve HIV treatment and reduce substance use in South Africa

A Stepped Care, Peer-Delivered Intervention to Improve ART Adherence and SUD in Primary Care

Not applicable Interventional University of Maryland, College Park · NCT05933226

This study is testing a peer support program to see if it can help people in South Africa stick to their HIV treatment and reduce substance use better than standard care.

Quick facts

PhaseNot applicable
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment160 (estimated)
Ages18 Years and up
SexAll
SponsorUniversity of Maryland, College Park Academic / other
Locations1 site (Cape Town, Western Cape)
Trial IDNCT05933226 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This study evaluates the Khanya intervention, a peer-delivered behavioral program aimed at improving adherence to HIV medication and addressing substance use issues among patients in South Africa. The intervention is implemented by non-specialist counselors who have personal experience with substance use, utilizing a stepped care model within local primary care clinics. Participants will receive the Khanya intervention and be compared to those receiving standard care enhanced with referrals to outpatient substance use treatment over a 12-month period. The study aims to address the significant treatment gap for substance use disorders and HIV care in low-resource settings.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates for this study are HIV-positive individuals aged 18 and older who are on antiretroviral therapy and exhibit moderate to high risk for substance use.

Not a fit: Patients with severe opiate dependence or severe alcohol dependence requiring medical management may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this intervention could significantly improve HIV medication adherence and reduce substance use among patients in South Africa.

How similar studies have performed: Other studies have shown success with peer-delivered interventions in similar contexts, indicating potential for this approach.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* HIV positive and on ART
* ≥18 years of age
* At least moderate substance use risk in the past 3 months for at least one non-tobacco substance (measured by the WHO- ASSIST: score ≥11 for alcohol, ≥4 for non-tobacco drugs)
* ART nonadherence and/or risk of virologic failure, defined as at least one of the following in the past 12 months 1) re-engaging in care after ≥1 month of being out of care (confirmed by pharmacy refill data) 2) ≥1 episodes of VL \>400 copies/mL 3) on second- or third-line ARTs.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severe risk/likely dependence for opiates (WHO ASSIST score \>26) because opiate substitution therapy is largely not available
* Severe alcohol dependence symptoms that may warrant medical management of potential withdrawal symptoms/stabilization prior to study participation
* Inability to provide informed consent or complete study procedures in isiXhosa or English
* In third trimester of pregnancy during baseline
* Currently enrolled in another study or treatment program focused on substance use (including Matrix) or ART adherence.
* Untreated or undertreated major mental illness that would interfere with study procedures

Where this trial is running

Cape Town, Western Cape

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions Human Immunodeficiency VirusAlcohol-Related DisordersDrug UseSubstance UseImmunologic Deficiency SyndromeAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeImmune system diseasesbehavioral symptoms
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.