Online grocery changes to increase whole grain intake

Prompting a Switch From Refined Grains to Whole Grains in an Online Grocery Store Using Marketing Nudges and Financial Incentives

NA · University of Pennsylvania · NCT07167004

This project will see if personalized online grocery nudges, with or without adaptive discounts, help adults 45–70 with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes switch from refined to whole grain products.

Quick facts

PhaseNA
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment216 (estimated)
Ages45 Years to 70 Years
SexAll
SponsorUniversity of Pennsylvania (other)
Locations1 site (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
Trial IDNCT07167004 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This randomized intervention uses an online grocery platform to test two approaches: behaviorally informed marketing nudges alone and those nudges plus dynamically adapted financial incentives. The platform will be customized to feature whole grain items prominently, offer product swaps, and display banner promotions, with a small usability pilot (n=9) informing refinements. Participants are Penn Medicine patients aged 45–70 with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes who shop online and live in five Pennsylvania counties, and outcomes are measured by actual online purchases. The trial is designed to establish feasibility of running an RCT through an online grocery delivery service and to measure changes in whole grain purchasing behavior.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are Penn Medicine patients aged 45–70 with a diagnosis of prediabetes or type 2 diabetes who eat fewer than five servings of whole grains per week, shop for groceries online at least monthly, live in Philadelphia, Bucks, Delaware, Chester, or Montgomery Counties, and have internet access and a payment card.

Not a fit: People who already consume adequate whole grains, do not shop for groceries online, cannot speak English, live outside the specified counties, or cannot provide consent are unlikely to benefit from this intervention.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, the intervention could increase whole grain purchases and intake among people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, which may help lower diabetes-related risk factors over time.

How similar studies have performed: Previous behavioral nudges and financial incentive programs have shown modest success in shifting grocery purchases toward healthier options, but using dynamically adapted discounts for whole grains in an online grocery RCT is relatively novel.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 45 - 70 years.
* Able to provide consent.
* Resident of Philadelphia, Bucks, Delaware, Chester, or Montgomery Counties in Pennsylvania.
* Consume \<5 servings of whole grains per week.
* Use online grocery shopping at least once per month.
* Have access to a credit or debit card to pay for groceries purchased.
* Have reliable internet access.
* Speak English.
* Penn Medicine patient diagnosed with prediabetes or diabetes (identified using ICD-10 codes R73.03, E11).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Does not meet all the inclusion criteria.
* Not able to speak English.
* Not able to provide consent.

Where this trial is running

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.

View on ClinicalTrials.gov →

Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes, Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Type II Diabetes, Pre-diabetes, Pre-diabetic, Pre-diabetic State, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, chronic disease

Last reviewed 2026-05-15 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.