A digital pill intervention for HIV prevention in men with substance use disorder

SmartSteps: A Context-Aware, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Adherence Intervention for Individuals With Substance Use Disorder

PHASE3 · Brigham and Women's Hospital · NCT05378399

This study is testing a digital pill and smartphone app to help HIV-negative men who use drugs remember to take their daily prevention medication for 60 days.

Quick facts

PhasePHASE3
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment40 (estimated)
Ages18 Years and up
SexMale
SponsorBrigham and Women's Hospital (other)
Drugs / interventionsradiation
Locations1 site (Boston, Massachusetts)
Trial IDNCT05378399 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This study focuses on HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) with substance use disorder, utilizing a digital pill system to enhance adherence to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP). Participants will take a daily digital pill for 60 days while using a smartphone app to track their adherence and report reasons for any missed doses. The study aims to collect data on smartphone usage and the context of nonadherence to improve future interventions. Participants will undergo several visits for assessments, including blood tests to measure PrEP adherence.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are HIV-negative cisgender men aged 18 or older who have sex with men and are either initiating or currently on PrEP.

Not a fit: Patients who do not speak English or have a history of certain gastrointestinal conditions may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this intervention could significantly improve PrEP adherence among individuals with substance use disorder, thereby reducing the risk of HIV infection.

How similar studies have performed: Other studies have shown promise in using digital health interventions for medication adherence, suggesting potential for success in this approach.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 18 or older
2. Cisgender male
3. Has sex with men
4. HIV negative
5. On PrEP or initiating PrEP (including switching from 2-1-1 or "on-demand" PrEP dosing to once-daily dosing)
6. Moderate risk score on ASSIST substance use screener (11-26 for alcohol, 4-26 for all other substances) or higher
7. Qualifying laboratory testing for PrEP: Cr clearance in past 3 months, HBV vaccination, liver function tests
8. Owns a smartphone with Android or iOS

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Does not speak English
2. History of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis
3. History of gastric bypass or bowel stricture
4. History of GI malignancy or radiation to abdomen
5. Allergy to gelatin, silver, or zinc (components of digital pill)
6. Allergy to PrEP
7. Not willing to operate DPS or Beiwe app

Where this trial is running

Boston, Massachusetts

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.

View on ClinicalTrials.gov →

Conditions: HIV Infections, Substance Use, Adherence, Medication, Adherence, Treatment, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, Digital Pill System, Adherence, HIV Prevention

Last reviewed 2026-05-15 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.