Two-step ATG to prevent GVHD after myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplant

Phase II Clinical Trial of 2 Step ATG Combined With Tacrolimus and Mini Methotrexate for Prevention of Acute GVHD Post Myeloablative Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant

This study tests whether a two-step dosing of rabbit ATG added to tacrolimus and low-dose methotrexate can help prevent severe acute and chronic GVHD in adults 18–60 receiving myeloablative allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplants for leukemia, MDS, or myeloproliferative disorders.

Quick facts

• Phase: PHASE2
• Study type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 29 (estimated)
• Ages: 18 Years to 60 Years
• Sex: All
• Sponsor: University of Alabama at Birmingham (other)
• Drugs / interventions: methotrexate
• Locations: 1 site (Birmingham, Alabama)
• Trial ID: NCT06315309 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This single-center Phase 2 protocol at the University of Alabama at Birmingham gives most of the rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (about 80%) on days -6, -5, and -4 and the remaining dose on day -1, combined with standard tacrolimus and mini methotrexate during a myeloablative preparative regimen. The trial enrolls adults 18–60 with matched related or unrelated peripheral blood stem cell donors who are candidates for myeloablative conditioning. Investigators will measure ATG blood levels before and after transplant and monitor immune cell recovery as part of routine post-transplant follow-up. Primary goals include preventing grade III–IV acute GVHD and reducing chronic GVHD with a key clinical endpoint of GVHD/relapse-free survival at one year.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are adults age 18–60 with acute leukemia, MDS, or myeloproliferative disorders who have an 8/8 unrelated or 6/6 matched related peripheral blood stem cell donor and are considered fit for a myeloablative preparative regimen (HCT-CI ≤4, EF ≥45%, creatinine clearance >50 mL/min).

Not a fit: Older patients (>60), those planned for reduced-intensity conditioning, those with mismatched donors, or patients with significant organ dysfunction may not be eligible or likely to benefit from this regimen.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this approach could lower rates of severe acute and chronic GVHD and improve one-year GVHD/relapse-free survival after myeloablative allogeneic transplant.

How similar studies have performed: Preliminary and prior studies of earlier ATG dosing shifts have shown promising reductions in severe acute and chronic GVHD and favorable early immune reconstitution, but this specific two-step ATG dosing platform requires prospective confirmation.

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adult male or female, age 18-60 years
2. Patients must have a related or unrelated peripheral blood stem cell donor. Sibling donor must be a 6/6 match for HLA-A and -B at intermediate (or higher) resolution, and -DRB1 at high resolution using DNA-based typing, and must be willing to donate peripheral blood stem cells and meet institutional criteria for donation. Unrelated donor must be 8/8 match at HLA-A, -B, -C and -DRB1 at high resolution using DNA-based typing. Unrelated donor must be willing to donate peripheral blood stem cells and be medically eligible to donate stem cells according to NMDP criteria.
3. A candidate for Myeloablative preparative regimen, based on age ≤ 60, or HCT-CI of ≤ 4, and considered by the treating physician to be a candidate for such regimen.
4. Cardiac function: Ejection fraction ≥ 45%
5. Calculated creatinine clearance greater than 50 mL/minute (using the Cockcroft-Gault formula and actual body weight).
6. Pulmonary function: DLCO ≥50% (adjusted for hemoglobin) and FEV1≥50%
7. Liver function: total bilirubin \< 1.5x the upper limit of normal and ALT/AST \< 2.5x the upper normal limit. Patients who have been diagnosed with Gilbert's Disease are allowed to exceed the defined bilirubin value up to \<3mg/dl.
8. Female subjects (unless postmenopausal for at least 1 year before the screening visit, or surgically sterilized), agree to practice two effective methods of contraception (hormonal contraception and male partner to use condom) or agree to complete abstain from heterosexual intercourse from the time of signing the informed consent through 12 months post-transplant.
9. Male subjects (even if surgically sterilized), of partners of women of childbearing potential must agree to practice effective barrier contraception or abstain from heterosexual intercourse from the time of signing the informed consent through 12 months post-transplant.
10. Karnofsky performance status KPS ≥ 80 (Appendix B)
11. Patients must have a diagnosis of one of the following:

    A-Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in complete remission CR 1 with intermediate or high risk for relapse as defined by ELN 2022 criteria(Dohner et al., 2022) (appendix C), or deemed to be at high risk for relapse by treating physician, based on, therapy related, or extra medullary presentation.

    B-AML in \>CR1. C-Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with IPSS-M ≥ intermediate-low.(Bernard et al., 2022; Mohty et al., 2022) D- Chronic myeloproliferative disorder (ET, PV, myelofibrosis) with bone marrow blasts \> 5% and/or other evidence of progression to acute leukemia or Int or high-risk disease by MIPPS v2 score.(Ali et al., 2019; Guglielmelli et al., 2018) E- CMML especially those with high-risk features based in: The CMML-specific prognostic scoring system with molecular features (CPSS-Mol) - high risk and intermediate-2 risk, Mayo molecular model - high risk and Intermediate-2 risk, Groupe Francophone des Myélodysplasies (GFM) - high risk and selected patients with intermediate risk.(Elena et al., 2016; Itzykson et al., 2013; Patnaik et al., 2014). F- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in CR1 with high risk for relapse
    * B-cell ALL: High white blood cell count at diagnosis (ie, \>30,000/µl), Clonalcytogenetic abnormalities - t(4;11), t(1;19), t(9;22), or BCR-ABL gene positivity, BCR-ABL1-like (Ph-like) gene signature, progenitor-B cell immunophenotype (eg, blasts expressing membrane CD19, CD79a, and cytoplasmic CD22, but not CD10), Length of time from start of induction therapy to attainment of CR greater than four weeks, and minimal residual disease (MRD) post-remission bone marrow MRD+.(Akabane \& Logan, 2020; Lafage-Pochitaloff et al., 2017)
    * T-cell ALL: Failure to achieve CR after one induction, MRD\> 1X 10-4 after 2 courses of induction, Presenting WBC \> 100 X 109/L, complex cytogenetics ≥5,early T-cell Precursor ALL, poor risk genetics including lack of NOTCH1 ith/FBXW7 or presence of N-RAS \& K-RAS, EZH2 and age\>40 years.(Marks \& Rowntree, 2017) G- ALL in \>CR1
12. The subject is willing and able to sign informed consent and abide by the protocol requirements.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant \< 3 months prior to enrollment.
2. Patients with florid residual AML with \> 5% blast in the marrow or circulating blast in the peripheral blood are not eligible for this study.
3. Previous allogeneic stem cell transplant.
4. Uncontrolled angina, severe uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmias, or EKG suggestive of acute ischemia or active conduction system abnormalities.
5. Known hypersensitivity to the study agent (ATG)
6. Received any investigational drugs within the 14 days prior to the first day of transplant conditioning
7. Pregnant and/or breastfeeding
8. Evidence of HIV infection or known HIV positive serology.
9. Current uncontrolled bacterial, viral or fungal infection (currently taking medication with evidence of progression of clinical symptoms or radiologic findings).
10. Non-hematologic malignancy within prior three (3) years, with the exception of squamous cell or basal cell skin carcinoma.
11. Participation in another clinical study with an investigational product during the last 28 days.

Where this trial is running

Birmingham, Alabama

• University of Alabama at Birmingham — Birmingham, Alabama, United States (RECRUITING)

Study contacts

• Study coordinator: Zaid S Al Kadhimi, MD

Conditions: GVHD,Acute, Acute Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Myeloproliferative Disorders, Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndrome