Induction chemotherapy for recurrent rectal cancer

Multicentre, Open-label, Randomised, Controlled, Parallel Arms Clinical Trial of Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Chemoradiotherapy Versus Chemoradiotherapy Alone as Neoadjuvant Treatment for Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer - PelvEx II

Phase 3 Interventional Catharina Ziekenhuis Eindhoven · NCT04389086

This study is testing if adding induction chemotherapy before standard treatment can help people with locally recurrent rectal cancer have better surgery results.

Quick facts

PhasePhase 3
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment364 (estimated)
Ages18 Years and up
SexAll
SponsorCatharina Ziekenhuis Eindhoven Academic / other
Drugs / interventionschemotherapy, radiation
Locations14 sites (Ghent and 13 other locations)
Trial IDNCT04389086 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This multicenter, open-label, phase III study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of induction chemotherapy followed by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery in patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer. Participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the experimental arm receiving induction chemotherapy or the control arm receiving standard neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery. The study seeks to determine if the addition of induction chemotherapy improves surgical outcomes and resection margins. The trial will involve multiple locations and will assess patient responses through imaging and clinical evaluations.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are adults aged 18 and older with confirmed locally recurrent rectal cancer that is deemed resectable.

Not a fit: Patients with evidence of metastatic disease or those who have had recent chemotherapy or radiotherapy may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this approach could improve surgical outcomes and increase the chances of complete resection in patients with recurrent rectal cancer.

How similar studies have performed: Other studies have explored similar neoadjuvant approaches, showing promising results, but this specific combination is being tested for the first time in this context.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years or older
* Confirmed locally recurrent rectal cancer after total or partial mesorectal resection for rectal or distal sigmoidal cancer either by histopathology ór clinically proven (evidence on imaging in combination with clinical findings, with consensus in MDT)
* Resectable disease determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or deemed resectable after neoadjuvant treatment with chemoradiotherapy.
* WHO performance score 0-1
* Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Radiological evidence of metastatic disease (e.g. liver, lung) at time of randomisation or in the six months prior to randomisation.
* Known homozygous DPD deficiency
* Any chemotherapy in the past 6 months.
* Any contraindication for the planned chemotherapy, as determined by the medical oncologist.
* Radiotherapy in the past 6 months for primary rectal cancer.
* Any contraindication for the planned chemoradiotherapy, as determined by the medical oncologist and/or radiation oncologist.
* Any contraindication for surgery, as determined by the surgeon and/or anaesthesiologist.
* Concurrent malignancies that interfere with the planned study treatment or the prognosis of resected LRRC.

Where this trial is running

Ghent and 13 other locations

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions Recurrent Rectal CancerLocally recurrent rectal cancerNeoadjuvant therapyInduction chemotherapyResection margin
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.