Exploring the gut immune system during immunotherapy for cancer

Deep Phenotyping of the Gut Immune System During Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy - DEFENCE

Observational University Medical Center Groningen · NCT04600180

This study is trying to see how cancer immunotherapy affects the immune system in the gut of patients by taking samples before and during their treatment.

Quick facts

Study typeObservational
Enrollment38 (estimated)
Ages18 Years and up
SexAll
SponsorUniversity Medical Center Groningen Academic / other
Drugs / interventionsimmunotherapy
Locations1 site (Groningen)
Trial IDNCT04600180 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This observational study investigates the gut immune system's response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in cancer patients. Participants will undergo sigmoidoscopies to collect biopsies from the sigmoid and rectum before and during treatment. These samples will be analyzed for immune cell phenotypes, while blood samples will be taken to monitor inflammatory markers. The goal is to understand how the gut immune system changes in response to immunotherapy.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are cancer patients who are indicated for treatment with anti PD1/PDL1 based immunotherapy.

Not a fit: Patients with recent gastrointestinal issues or those who have undergone certain surgeries or treatments may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this study could provide insights that enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy in cancer treatment.

How similar studies have performed: While this approach is exploratory, similar studies have shown promise in understanding immune responses during cancer therapies.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* Indication for treatment with anti PD1/PDL1 based immunotherapy
* Written informed consent
* Evaluable according to iRECIST v1.1

Exclusion Criteria:

* Concomitant, chronic or infectious illness in the past 6 months causing moderate to severe colitis
* Use of a medication in the past 6 months with an elevated risk of moderate to severe colitis
* Gastrointestinal resection or enterostomy
* Abdominal radiotherapy in the past 6 months

Where this trial is running

Groningen

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions CancerImmune Checkpoint InhibitorGut Wall
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.