Effects of immersive VR, non-immersive VR, and 3D-printed models on anatomy learning

Is this trial a fit for you?

A plain-English reading of the study's rules. Only the study team can confirm whether you qualify.

What this trial studies

The trial compares three visual and interactive formats—immersive virtual reality, traditional screen-based VR, and physical 3D-printed anatomy models—to see how they affect learning performance, sense of presence, embodiment, and cognitive load in healthy college students. Participants will engage with the materials and complete assessments to measure understanding and mental effort. The study excludes individuals with recent upper limb injuries, significant visual impairment, or conditions that could be exacerbated by VR experiences. The aim is to identify which representation method best supports anatomy learning with manageable cognitive demands.

Why it matters

Who can join: the full rules

Inclusion Criteria:

* Willing to participate
* Titmus stereopsis score \>40 arc/s

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previous experience of bone models either in real world or virtual reality
* History of upper extremity trauma in past 6 months
* Total or partial eye sight lost
* History of photosensitive epilepsy or visually triggered seizures
* Active vestibular disorders or a history of severe VR-induced motion sickness that could interfere with participation

Where it's running

• Faculty of Health Sciences Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University
  Bolu, Merkez, Turkey (Türkiye) Recruiting

Study contacts

• Principal investigator: ramazan kurul, phd — Abant Izzet Baysal University
• Study coordinator: Enes Tayyip Benli, phd
• Email: enestayyipbenli@gmail.com
• Phone: +905436414731

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How to take part

1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
2. Check the official listing on ClinicalTrials.gov for the latest contact details and recruitment status.
3. Contact the study coordinator or principal investigator to ask for pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.