Clinical trial Recruiting at 5 sites Observational Ages 0 to 20

Understanding how drugs work in children

Official title: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety Profile of Understudied Drugs

Run by Duke University · NCT04278404 · Data updated 2026-11-12

This study is trying to find the best and safest doses of certain medications for children and young adults under 21 who are being treated for conditions like COVID-19 and pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Quick facts

Study typeObservational
Ages0 Years to 20 Years
SexAll
Enrollment5000 (estimated)
SponsorDuke University
Academic / other
Locations52 sites (Phoenix, Arizona and 51 other locations)
StatusRecruiting
StartedMarch 5, 2020
Main results expectedNovember 2026
Study endsDecember 2026
Registry record updatedAugust 21, 2026
Trial IDNCT04278404 on ClinicalTrials.gov

Is this trial a fit for you?

Likely a good fit

Ideal candidates for this study are children under 21 years old who are receiving specific drugs or have had a recent COVID-19 infection.

Probably not a fit

Patients who are pregnant or have had recent organ transplants may not benefit from this study.

A plain-English reading of the study's rules. Only the study team can confirm whether you qualify.

What this trial studies

This observational study aims to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of understudied drugs administered to children under standard care. By collecting bodily fluid samples from participants, the study seeks to determine the most effective and safe dosages for various conditions, including COVID-19 and pulmonary arterial hypertension. The research focuses on children and young adults under 21 years of age who are either currently receiving these drugs or have recently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The findings could help optimize treatment protocols for pediatric patients.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this study could lead to safer and more effective drug dosing for children.

How similar studies have gone: Other studies have shown promise in understanding drug effects in pediatric populations, but this specific approach is relatively novel.

Who can join: the full rules

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Participant is \< 21 years of age
2. Parent/ Legal Guardian/ Adult Participant can understand the consent process and is willing to provide informed consent/HIPAA:
3. (a) Participant is receiving one or more of the study drugs of interest at the time of enrollment or (b) Participant is NOT receiving one or more of the study drugs of interest but is SARS-COV-2 positive within 60 days prior to enrollment

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Participant has a known pregnancy

   Below exclusion criteria apply only to:

   Participants receiving one or more of the study drugs of interest at the time of enrollment, DOI administration or PK sampling: (Refer to DOI specific appendices for details on enrollment cohort specifications and additional eligibility criteria)
2. Has had intermittent dialysis within previous 24 hours
3. Has had a kidney transplant within previous 30 days
4. Has had a liver transplant within previous 1 year
5. Has had a stem cell transplant within previous 1 year
6. Has had therapeutic hypothermia within previous 24 hours
7. Has had plasmapheresis within the previous 24 hours
8. Has a Ventricular Assist Device
9. Has any condition which would make the participant, in the opinion of the investigator, unsuitable for the study

Where it's running

  • Lucile Packard Children's Hospital
    Palo Alto, California, United States
    Recruiting
  • Duke University Health System
    Durham, North Carolina, United States
    Recruiting
  • Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center
    Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
    Recruiting
  • Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas
    Austin, Texas, United States
    Recruiting
  • CHU Sainte-Justine
    Montreal, Quebec, Canada
    Recruiting
  • Phoenix Children's Hospital
    Phoenix, Arizona, United States
    Completed
Show 44 more locations
  • Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute
    Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
    Completed
  • University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center
    Los Angeles, California, United States
    Completed
  • Colorado University Denver
    Aurora, Colorado, United States
    Completed
  • The Children's Hospital Colorado
    Aurora, Colorado, United States
    Completed
  • Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children
    Wilmington, Delaware, United States
    Completed
  • University of Florida Jacksonville Shands Medical Center
    Jacksonville, Florida, United States
    Completed
  • Kapiolani Womens and Childrens Medical Center
    Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
    Completed
  • Ann and Robert H. Lurie Childrens Hospital of Chicago
    Chicago, Illinois, United States
    Completed
  • Ann and Robert H. Lurie Childrens Hospital of Chicago
    Chicago, Illinois, United States
    Completed
  • Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University
    Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
    Completed
  • University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital
    Iowa City, Iowa, United States
    Completed
  • University of Kansas Medical Center-JG Kidney Institute
    Kansas City, Kansas, United States
    Completed
  • University of Louisville Norton Childrens Hospital
    Louisville, Kentucky, United States
    Completed
  • Tulane University Health Science Center
    New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
    Completed
  • Ochsner Baptist Clinical Trials Unit
    New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
    Completed
  • University of Maryland Medical Center
    Baltimore, Maryland, United States
    Completed
  • Boston Children's Hospital
    Boston, Massachusetts, United States
    Completed
  • Massachusetts General Hospital
    Lexington, Massachusetts, United States
    Completed
  • University of Minnesota
    Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
    Completed
  • University of Mississippi Medical Center
    Jackson, Mississippi, United States
    Completed
  • Mississippi Center for Advanced Medicine
    Madison, Mississippi, United States
    Completed
  • Children's Mercy Hospital
    Kansas City, Missouri, United States
    Completed
  • University of Nebraska Medical Center
    Omaha, Nebraska, United States
    Completed
  • Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
    Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
    Completed
  • University of New Mexico Health Science Center
    Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
    Completed
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
    Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
    Completed
  • Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center
    Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
    Completed
  • Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma
    Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
    Completed
  • Oregon Health and Science University
    Portland, Oregon, United States
    Completed
  • Pennsylvania State University--Hershey Children's Hospital
    Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
    Completed
  • Rhode Island Hospital
    Providence, Rhode Island, United States
    Completed
  • Medical University of South Carolina Children's Hospital
    Charleston, South Carolina, United States
    Completed
  • University of South Carolina
    Columbia, South Carolina, United States
    Completed
  • Avera McKennan Hospital & University Medical Center
    Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States
    Completed
  • Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt
    Nashville, Tennessee, United States
    Completed
  • University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center Dallas
    Dallas, Texas, United States
    Completed
  • Baylor College of Medicine
    Houston, Texas, United States
    Completed
  • University of Texas--Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center
    Houston, Texas, United States
    Completed
  • The Womens Hospital of Texas
    Houston, Texas, United States
    Completed
  • University of Utah
    Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
    Completed
  • Seattle Children's Hospital
    Seattle, Washington, United States
    Completed
  • West Virginia University Hospital
    Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
    Completed
  • University of Wisconsin
    Madison, Wisconsin, United States
    Completed
  • University Wisconsin Madison
    Madison, Wisconsin, United States
    Completed

+2 more sites. See ClinicalTrials.gov for the full list.

Study contacts

Similar studies

Other studies for the same condition or treatment. Recruiting studies are listed first.

How to take part

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Check the official listing on ClinicalTrials.gov for the latest contact details and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the study coordinator or principal investigator to ask for pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Last reviewed 2026-11-14 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.