Timing of AI Help in Chest X-Rays: Does When AI Becomes Visible Change How Clinicians Read Images?

Is this trial a fit for you?

A plain-English reading of the study's rules. Only the study team can confirm whether you qualify.

What this trial studies

This within-subject study at University Hospitals of Leicester explores whether presenting AI decision-support before or after clinicians begin reviewing chest X-rays changes visual search behavior, interpretation time, and decisions. Eye-tracking will capture where and how long participants look at image regions while they interpret de-identified X-rays with AI outputs. The study uses a counterbalanced design with two sessions per participant to compare Original CXR First Timing versus AI Output First Timing, providing controlled evidence on AI timing in chest X-ray interpretation. Eligible healthcare professionals practicing in the UK with chest X-ray experience will complete two onsite sessions. Findings may inform how best to integrate AI decision-support into radiology workflows.

Why it matters

Who can join: the full rules

Inclusion Criteria:

Main reader study:

* Healthcare professionals aged 18 years or over
* Registered to practise in the UK
* Employed by the NHS or another healthcare service operating in the UK
* Current or recent, within the last 3 years, clinical experience involving chest X-ray interpretation, review, or use in clinical practice
* Able to attend two onsite study sessions at University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust at mutually agreed times
* Able and willing to provide written informed consent
* Compatible with the eye-tracking equipment

Supplementary survey:

* Adults aged 18 years or over
* Live in the UK or have used the NHS or another UK healthcare service within the last 5 years
* Able to provide informed electronic consent
* Belong to one of the following respondent groups: healthcare professionals or healthcare staff, patients or carers, or members of the public
* Healthcare professional respondents may include adults involved in requesting, interpreting, checking, or acting on chest X-ray findings in clinical practice

Exclusion Criteria:

Main reader study:

* Inability to attend both onsite study sessions at University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
* Eye-tracking incompatibility, such as visual, neurological, or physical conditions preventing adequate gaze tracking or participant comfort
* Direct involvement in selection, adjudication, or preparation of the chest X-rays used in the study
* Conflicts of interest, including direct involvement in development of the AI system under evaluation
* Prior participation in a closely related AI chest X-ray study where overlap in image sets or study procedures may compromise validity, assessed on a case-by-case basis

Supplementary survey:

* Aged under 18 years
* Does not live in the UK and has not used the NHS or another UK healthcare service within the last 5 years
* Unable to provide informed electronic consent
* Does not meet one of the eligible respondent groups for the survey

Where it's running

• University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
  Leicester, Leicestershire, United Kingdom Recruiting

Study contacts

• Study coordinator: Richard Farley
• Email: richard.farley1@nhs.net
• Phone: +44116258 6237

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How to take part

1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
2. Check the official listing on ClinicalTrials.gov for the latest contact details and recruitment status.
3. Contact the study coordinator or principal investigator to ask for pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.