Saliva levels of E-cadherin, calprotectin, and MMP-9 in people with recurrent mouth ulcers.

Investigation of Salivary E-cadherin, Calprotectin, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Levels in Patients With Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis

Observational Aydin Adnan Menderes University · NCT07141758

This will test whether three saliva proteins (E-cadherin, calprotectin, and MMP-9) are different in adults with minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis compared with healthy adults.

Quick facts

Study typeObservational
Enrollment102 (estimated)
Ages18 Years and up
SexAll
SponsorAydin Adnan Menderes University Academic / other
Drugs / interventionschemotherapy
Locations1 site (Aydin, Efeler)
Trial IDNCT07141758 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This is a cross-sectional observational comparison of adults with minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and age-similar healthy controls. Unstimulated saliva will be collected with a swab, stored at -80°C, and analyzed by ELISA for E-cadherin, calprotectin, and MMP-9. Clinical exams will record periodontal status (CPI) and decay experience (DMFT) and patients must have at least one active aphthous lesion and a history of ≥3 episodes in the past year. The planned sample size is 102 participants to detect a moderate effect size with 80% power.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Adults aged 18 or older who are systemically healthy, non-smokers, have a clinical diagnosis of minor RAS with at least three episodes in the past year and at least one active ulcer at the visit are ideal candidates.

Not a fit: People with systemic diseases linked to oral ulcers, recent pharmacologic treatments, current smokers, pregnant or lactating individuals, or those on immunomodulatory drugs are excluded and unlikely to benefit from participation.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If differences are confirmed, the findings could lead to a simple saliva-based marker set to help diagnose or monitor minor RAS and shed light on its causes.

How similar studies have performed: Prior small studies have measured salivary inflammatory markers in oral diseases, but using E-cadherin, calprotectin, and MMP-9 together as RAS biomarkers remains exploratory rather than established.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants aged 18 years or older
* Clinically diagnosed with minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) (defined as having a history of at least three RAS episodes within the past year)
* Systemically healthy (i.e., without any diagnosed systemic disease)
* No history of tobacco use
* Presence of at least one active aphthous ulcer at the time of saliva sample collection
* No known mental or physical disabilities

Exclusion Criteria:

* Use of any pharmacological treatment within the past 3 months
* Use of antiseptic mouthwash within the past 3 months
* Pregnant or lactating individuals, or those currently using oral contraceptives
* History of systemic diseases associated with oral ulcerations such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, or Behçet's disease
* History of chemotherapy or radiotherapy
* Current or prior use of immunomodulatory drugs, cytotoxic agents, or systemic corticosteroids
* Undergoing orthodontic treatment (to avoid misdiagnosis with traumatic ulcers)
* Use of removable dental prostheses (to avoid misdiagnosis with traumatic ulcers)
* Presence of periodontal disease (CPI score of 3 or 4)
* Caries risk not classified as very low (DMFT ≥ 5)
* Presence of pathological oral mucosal lesions such as lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris, or mucous membrane pemphigoid

Where this trial is running

Aydin, Efeler

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions Recurrent Aphthous StomatitisAphthous UlcerE-cadherinCalprotectinMMP-9ELISARecurrent aphthous stomatitisRAS
Last reviewed 2026-06-10 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.