Non-surgical treatment for low rectal cancer after chemotherapy and radiation

Phase II Study to Assess the Safety of Non-operative Management for Low Rectal Cancer

Not applicable Interventional Mount Sinai Hospital, Canada · NCT03179540

This study is testing if patients with low rectal cancer who respond well to chemotherapy and radiation can safely avoid surgery by being closely monitored instead.

Quick facts

PhaseNot applicable
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment90 (estimated)
Ages18 Years and up
SexAll
SponsorMount Sinai Hospital, Canada Academic / other
Drugs / interventionschemotherapy
Locations1 site (Toronto, Ontario)
Trial IDNCT03179540 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This study evaluates the safety of non-operative management (NOM) for patients with low rectal cancer who achieve a complete clinical response after chemoradiotherapy. It aims to determine if NOM can effectively replace surgery by monitoring local re-growth rates and the presence of positive resection margins when surgery is necessary. The study will involve active surveillance of patients instead of immediate surgical intervention, potentially reducing the long-term complications associated with surgery. Conducted across multiple centers in Canada, this Phase II trial seeks to provide more robust evidence for the NOM approach.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are adults aged 18 and older with low rectal cancer who have completed chemoradiotherapy and achieved a complete clinical response.

Not a fit: Patients with metastatic disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or those unfit for surgery may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this approach could significantly reduce the need for surgery and its associated complications for patients with low rectal cancer.

How similar studies have performed: While there have been a few single institution studies showing favorable results with non-operative management, this approach has not yet been widely adopted, making this study a significant step in evaluating its safety.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* Completed chemoradiotherapy (CRT) as standard of care \[Stage II and Stage III (T3-T4N0, AnyTN1-2)\]; \[50 Gy (2 Gy x 25 fractions) with 5-FU or capecitabine\]
* Planned or probable APR
* ALL criteria for complete clinical response are met between 8 and 10 weeks following completion of CRT
* 18 years or older
* Provides written consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unable to undergo MRI
* Metastatic disease (including extramesorectal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes)
* Pregnancy
* Inflammatory bowel disease
* More than one primary colorectal cancer
* Other malignancy within 5 years of treatment for current rectal cancer
* Unfit for surgery

Where this trial is running

Toronto, Ontario

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions Rectal NeoplasmsLow Rectal CancerComplete Clinical ResponseNon-operative Management
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.