Mothering from the Inside Out (MIO) for mothers in recovery from substance use

A Type I Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Trial of Mothering From the Inside Out (MIO)

Not applicable Interventional Baystate Medical Center · NCT07168642

This will test whether the Mothering from the Inside Out (MIO) parenting program helps mothers in outpatient treatment for substance use disorder improve parenting and support recovery.

Quick facts

PhaseNot applicable
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment200 (estimated)
Ages18 Years and up
SexFemale
SponsorBaystate Medical Center Academic / other
Locations1 site (Springfield, Massachusetts)
Trial IDNCT07168642 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

Mothering from the Inside Out (MIO) is an attachment-focused, individual parenting program that targets parental reflective functioning among mothers with substance use disorders. This Type I hybrid effectiveness–implementation trial will test MIO as an adjunct to outpatient substance use treatment under real-world conditions across four participating clinics. The trial measures clinical outcomes—such as parenting capacities, maternal substance use, and parent–child interaction—alongside implementation outcomes and barriers to uptake. Results will inform how MIO can be delivered in routine community treatment settings and what supports are needed for wider dissemination.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal participants are English-speaking women aged 18 or older who are enrolled in outpatient treatment for a substance use disorder and who are caring for or working toward reunification with at least one child aged 0–60 months.

Not a fit: Patients with severe active mental illness, severe cognitive impairment, those requiring inpatient detoxification or hospitalization, non-English speakers, or mothers whose target child has a medical condition that prevents interaction are unlikely to be eligible or to benefit.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, MIO could improve mothers' parenting skills, reduce substance use relapse, and support better developmental outcomes for young children.

How similar studies have performed: Previous randomized trials delivered by expert clinicians showed that MIO improved parenting capacities and reduced substance use compared with parental education, although those trials were conducted in tightly controlled research settings.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Client Subjects

Inclusion Criteria:

* Identifies as a woman
* English-speaking
* Age 18 years or older
* Enrolled in outpatient substance use treatment for a substance use disorder (by DSMV criteria) at one of the four target clinics operated by participating agencies
* Caring for at least one child between 0 and 60 months of age (either as guardian or working towards reunification with regular contact)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Have severe mental health problems (e.g., actively suicidal, homicidal, psychosis)
* Severely cognitively impaired
* Have psychiatric or substance-related symptoms requiring inpatient hospitalization or ambulatory detoxification
* Unable to speak English
* Have a potential target child who has a severe medical condition that limits their ability to interact with their mother (such as paralysis or severe weakness)

Children Subjects

Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 5 years or younger
* Are in their biological mother's custody OR are in custody of family with the goal of reunification with their biological mother and have permission from the child's legal guardian to participate in this study

Exclusion Criteria:

•In child welfare custody and goal is not reunification with biological mother

Counselor Subjects

Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 21 years or older
* Employed as an addiction counselor at one of the participating agencies in one of the target clinics
* Have a bachelor's degree or higher in psychology, social work, counseling, or a related field
* Have secure administrative approval for a 1-hour per biweekly commitment to supervision and 2-3 hours weekly for MIO delivery
* Do not intend to give notice and are not scheduled for medical or family leave during the study period
* Willing to have counseling and supervision sessions recorded
* Receive a mean score greater than 4 on the Clinical Reflective Functioning Scale
* Are deemed capable to manage the responsibilities of being a counselor in a randomized trial (deliver MIO promptly to participants, compliant with study procedures and assessments, willing to receive supervision) by their supervisors

Exclusion Criteria:

•None

Agency Staff Subjects

Inclusion Criteria:

* Employment at a participating agency for at least 3 months
* Willingness to complete questionnaires and participate in a confidential interview or focus group
* Fluency in English

Exclusion Criteria:

•None

Where this trial is running

Springfield, Massachusetts

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions Substance Use Disordersubstance use disorderparentingparenting interventionMothering from the Inside OutMIOSUD treatment
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.