Gecacitinib with Corticosteroid as First‑Line Therapy for Grade II–IV Acute GVHD

Inclusion Criteria:

* 1\. Voluntarily sign informed consent form (ICF); age ≥18 years at ICF signing.
* 2\. Recipients who underwent non-myeloablative, myeloablative, or reduced-intensity allo-HSCT using bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells.
* 3\. Have received systemic corticosteroid therapy for no more than 2 days (48 hours).
* 4\. Documented myeloid and platelet engraftment: Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) \>0.5 × 10⁹/L for 3 consecutive days, platelet count \>20 × 10⁹/L for 7 consecutive days without transfusion support (use of growth factors, transfusion support allowed).
* 5\. Clinical diagnosis of Grade II-IV aGVHD according to the MAGIC (Mount Sinai Acute GVHD International Consortium) criteria.
* 6\. ECOG performance status 0-2.
* 7\. Life expectancy greater than 4 weeks.
* 8\. Able to swallow tablets.
* 9\. Capable of complying with study and follow-up procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

* 1\. Having undergone ≥2 allo-HSCT procedures.
* 2\. SR-aGVHD occurring after unplanned donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) used for prophylactic treatment of malignancy relapse. \*Note: Patients receiving planned DLI as part of the transplant procedure, not intended for managing malignancy relapse, may be included.\*
* 3\. Concurrent treatment with other JAK inhibitors.
* 4\. Presence of active bleeding.
* 5\. Diagnosed or suspected chronic GVHD.
* 6\. Presence of uncontrolled active infection. Uncontrolled active infection is defined as: hemodynamic instability due to sepsis, or worsening of symptoms, signs, or radiographic findings due to infection. Persistent fever without symptoms or with stable symptoms is not considered an uncontrolled active infection.
* 7\. Presence of unresolved toxicity or complications due to allo-HSCT (excluding aGVHD).
* 8\. Any significant clinical or laboratory abnormality that may affect safety evaluation, such as:

  1. Uncontrolled diabetes (fasting blood glucose \>13.9 mmol/L);
  2. Hypertension that cannot be controlled to within SBP \<160 mmHg and DBP \<100 mmHg with two or more antihypertensive agents;
  3. Peripheral neuropathy (NCI-CTCAE v5.0 Grade 2 or higher).
* 9\. History of NYHA Class III or IV congestive heart failure, uncontrolled or unstable angina, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, or pulmonary embolism within 6 months before screening.
* 10\. Arrhythmia requiring treatment at screening, or QTc interval (QTcB) \>480 ms.
* 11\. Significant renal impairment at screening (serum creatinine \>1.5 × ULN).
* 12\. Pre-transplant diagnosed gastrointestinal ulcers, history of gastric/intestinal resection surgery, or other conditions potentially affecting drug absorption.
* 13\. Surgery within 4 weeks before screening without full recovery.
* 14\. Cholestatic disease or hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease (SOS/VOD) at screening (defined as persistent bilirubin abnormality and progressive organ dysfunction not due to GVHD).
* 15\. Active uncontrolled viral infection at screening, e.g., CMV, EBV, HIV (anti-HIV antibody positive), HBV (HBsAg positive, HBV-DNA positive), HCV (anti-HCV antibody or HCV-RNA positive).
* 16\. History of active tuberculosis within 6 months before screening.
* 17\. Epilepsy or use of psychotropic/sedative drugs at screening.
* 18\. Women planning pregnancy, pregnant, or breastfeeding, or patients unable to use effective contraception throughout the trial; male patients unwilling to use condoms during treatment and for 2 days (approx. 5 half-lives) after the last dose.
* 19\. History of other malignancies within the past 5 years, excluding the malignancy for which transplant was performed.
* 20\. Other severe comorbidities deemed by the investigator to potentially affect patient safety or compliance.
* 21\. Suspected allergy to gecacitinib, drugs of the same class, or any excipients.
* 22\. Participation in other investigational drug or medical device clinical trials within 4 weeks before screening.
* 23\. Any other condition considered by the investigator to preclude participation.