Evaluating puberty suppression effects on health in transgender youth

Effects of Puberty and Pubertal Suppression on Insulin Sensitivity, Metabolic Rate and Vascular Health

Observational University of Colorado, Denver · NCT04482374

This study is testing how puberty suppression affects health, like insulin sensitivity and heart health, in transgender girls compared to boys over six months.

Quick facts

Study typeObservational
Enrollment30 (estimated)
Ages9 Years to 14 Years
SexMale
SponsorUniversity of Colorado, Denver Academic / other
Locations1 site (Aurora, Colorado)
Trial IDNCT04482374 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This observational study assesses how puberty suppression impacts insulin sensitivity, metabolic rate, and vascular health in transgender female youth. Participants will be evaluated at baseline and again six months after starting a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. The study will also include matched cisgender male controls for comparison. The goal is to understand the cardiometabolic effects of puberty suppression in this population.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are transgender females aged 9-14 years who are at Tanner Stage 2-3 and plan to start gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy within two months.

Not a fit: Patients with cognitive, psychiatric, or physical impairments, diabetes, or those on medications affecting insulin sensitivity may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this study could provide insights into the health impacts of puberty suppression on transgender youth, potentially guiding clinical practices.

How similar studies have performed: While there is limited data on this specific approach, related studies on puberty suppression and metabolic health have shown promising results.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* Identify as a transgender female or cisgender male
* Age 9-14 years at the time of enrollment
* Tanner Stage 2-3 baseline pubertal development
* Plan to start gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue clinically in \< 2 months (for transgender females only)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cognitive, psychiatric, or physical impairment resulting in inability to tolerate the study procedures
* Type 1 or 2 diabetes (by medical history)
* On any medications that affect insulin sensitivity (e.g. metformin, antipsychotics)
* Hypertension (resting BP ≥ 140/90 mm/Hg)
* Weight \> 400 lbs
* On estrogen- or progesterone-containing medications at baseline
* \>3 hours of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on the 3DPAR at the screening visit

Where this trial is running

Aurora, Colorado

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions TransgenderismInsulin Sensitivity/ResistanceEndothelial DysfunctionVascular Stiffness
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.