Evaluating a new treatment for arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Subject is willing and able to provide consent before any study-specific tests or procedures are performed and agree to attend all required follow-up visits.
2. Subject at least 18 years of age.
3. Subject has a native AV fistula created ≥ 60 days prior to enrollment.
4. The target AVF has undergone successful dialysis for at least 8 of 12 sessions during a four-week period prior to enrollment.
5. Subjects on stable dialysis has all of the following criteria meet.

   * No significant decrease in blood pressure during dialysis during a four-week period prior to enrollment
   * No significant edema
   * No signs of heart failure
6. Target lesion is located between the arteriovenous anastomosis and axillosubclavian junction.

   Note: If the lesion is in the anastomosis, the treatment may be delivered up to 2 cm upstream on the arterial side. Note: If the lesion is in the cephalic arch, the treatment may be delivered up to 2 cm into the subclavian vein.
7. Angiographic evidence that target lesion consists of a de novo and/or non-stented restenotic lesion with ≥ 50% stenosis by visual estimate.
8. Most recent standard PTA (ie. non-drug coated) treatment must be \> 3 months prior to enrollment and most recent DCB treatment must be \> 6 months prior to enrollment.
9. A target lesion with total lesion length up to 130 mm by visual estimate. Note: Tandem (or "adjacent") lesions may be enrolled provided they meet all of the following criteria:

   1. Separated by a gap of ≤ 30mm (3 cm).
   2. Total combined lesion length, including 30 mm gap, is ≤ 130 mm.
   3. Able to be treated as a single lesion.
10. Reference vessel diameter ≥ 4.0 mm and ≤ 8.0 mm by visual estimate.
11. Subject underwent successful crossing of the target lesion with the guide wire and pre-dilatation with only high pressure PTA balloon(s) defined as:

    1. Residual stenosis of ≤ 30% AND.
    2. Absence of a flow limiting dissection (Grade ≥ C) or perforation.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Life expectancy, documented in the investigator's opinion, of less than 12 months.
2. Receiving immunosuppressive therapy.
3. Anticipating a kidney transplant within 6 months of enrollment into the study.
4. Patient with anticipated conversion to peritoneal dialysis.
5. Patient with AVF infection or systemic infection.
6. Patient has planned surgical revision of AVF.
7. Presence of secondary non-target lesion requiring treatment within 30-days post index procedure.
8. Patient with hemodynamically significant central venous stenoses that cannot be successfully treated prior to treatment of the target lesion.
9. Patient with target AVF or access circuit which had within 1 year prior to enrollment or currently has a thrombosis.
10. Patients judged to have a lesion that prevents complete inflation of an angioplasty balloon or proper placement of the delivery system.
11. Target lesion located central to the axillosubclavian junction.
12. Patient has significant arterial inflow lesion requiring treatment more than 2 cm upstream from the anastomosis in the AVF.
13. Presence of aneurysm requiring treatment at the lesion site.
14. Presence of a stent or graft located in the target access circuit.
15. Known allergies or sensitivities to paclitaxel and/or raw materials of test devices including ATBC (refer to Kiki-gaiyosho).
16. Known contraindication, including allergic reaction, or sensitivity to contrast material that, in the opinion of the investigator, cannot be adequately pretreated.
17. Patient who cannot receive antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant therapy in accordance with the investigator's direction.
18. Clinically significant Steal Syndrome requiring treatment.
19. Women who are breastfeeding, pregnant, or the subject with known intention to procreate within 6 months after index procedure. Note: 6-month contraception after index procedure is required.
20. Subject is participating in another investigational drug or device clinical trial that has not reached its primary endpoint, or subject was previously enrolled in this study.
21. Subject intends to participate in another investigational drug or device clinical trial within 6 months after the index procedure.
22. Patient has a co-morbid condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, may cause him/her to be non-compliant with the protocol or confound the data interpretation.