Effects of testosterone on headaches and brain development in transmasculine youth

Effect of Testosterone on Brain Imaging and Headache in Transmasculine Adolescents

University of Colorado, Denver · NCT06670053

This study is testing how testosterone therapy affects headaches and brain development in transmasculine youth aged 12-20 who were assigned female at birth.

Quick facts

Study typeObservational
Enrollment100 (estimated)
Ages12 Years to 20 Years
SexAll
SponsorUniversity of Colorado, Denver (other)
Locations1 site (Aurora, Colorado)
Trial IDNCT06670053 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This observational study investigates the impact of testosterone therapy on headache patterns and brain development in transmasculine youth aged 12-20 who are assigned female at birth. Participants will undergo a series of assessments, including health surveys, brain MRIs, and blood samples, at four different time points: before starting testosterone and after 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years of treatment. The study aims to understand how testosterone influences headache experiences and brain structure during the initial years of hormone therapy. The research is conducted at Children's Hospital Colorado and involves close monitoring of participants' health and well-being.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are transmasculine youth aged 12-20 who are assigned female at birth and plan to start testosterone therapy within the next 6 months.

Not a fit: Patients with cognitive or psychiatric impairments, serious neurological conditions, or specific MRI exclusion criteria may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this study could provide insights into managing headaches and improving brain health in transmasculine youth undergoing hormone therapy.

How similar studies have performed: While studies have explored the effects of testosterone on pain in cisgender females and transmasculine adults, this specific approach in transmasculine youth is novel and has not been extensively tested.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

1. transmasculine and gender diverse
2. assigned female at birth
3. age 12-20 years at the time of enrollment
4. plan to start testosterone clinically in \< 6 months
5. if taking gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa, puberty blocker), was started on this type of drug 3+ months prior to enrollment

Exclusion Criteria:

1. cognitive or psychiatric impairment resulting in inability to tolerate or perform the study procedures
2. known history of stroke, multiple sclerosis, or other serious neurologic condition
3. prior diagnosis of Turner Syndrome (monosomy X) or other difference of sexual development
4. prior diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
5. uncontrolled or untreated hypothyroidism
6. MRI-specific exclusion criteria: (Weight \> 500 lbs, severe claustrophobia, certain type of metal in body)

Where this trial is running

Aurora, Colorado

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.

View on ClinicalTrials.gov →

Conditions: Gender Identity, Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents and Adults, Headache, Transgender, resting-state functional connectivity, pain task, fMRI, MRI

Last reviewed 2026-05-15 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.