Deep brain stimulation for severe self-injurious behavior in children with autism

A Randomized Trial of Deep Brain Stimulation of the Nucleus Accumbens for Severe Self-Injurious Behaviours in Children

Not applicable Interventional The Hospital for Sick Children · NCT06529380

This study is testing if deep brain stimulation can help children with autism who struggle with severe self-injurious behavior feel better.

Quick facts

PhaseNot applicable
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment25 (estimated)
Ages5 Years to 17 Years
SexAll
SponsorThe Hospital for Sick Children Academic / other
Locations1 site (Toronto, Ontario)
Trial IDNCT06529380 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This study evaluates the effectiveness of deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the nucleus accumbens to treat severe, refractory self-injurious behavior (SIB) in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It is a single-center, double-blinded, block-randomized crossover trial involving 20 participants. Each participant will undergo bilateral DBS and will alternate between active stimulation and a control phase without stimulation over a period of 24 months. The study aims to assess the impact of DBS on various subtypes of SIB through functional analysis.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are children aged 5-17 with a DSM-5 diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder and a history of severe self-injurious behavior.

Not a fit: Patients who do not exhibit severe self-injurious behavior or have not failed previous medical therapies may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this approach could significantly reduce self-injurious behaviors in children with autism, improving their quality of life.

How similar studies have performed: While deep brain stimulation has been explored in other contexts, this specific application for self-injurious behavior in children with autism is novel and has not been extensively tested.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 5-17 at the time of enrollment
* DSM-5 diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder
* History of repetitive self-injurious behaviour, as reported by parents and documented on clinical assessment, either at the time of enrollment into the study or in prior medical records. The definition of self-injury is contextual, but requires ongoing, intermittent or continuous manifestation of self-mediated physical injury to the child.
* Foreseeable risk of serious future self-harm.
* Screening by study team for presence automatically reinforced self-injurious behaviour (ASIB) subtype 2 or subtype 3 based on caregiver history.
* Failure or non-eligibility of medical therapy with ongoing repetitive self-injurious behaviours, at 6 months or more after initiation of therapy.
* Parents or legal guardians, including caregivers, informed and able to provide written consent.
* Able to comply with all testing, follow-up visits, and study appointments and protocols for 12 months following the end of the duration of the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Substance dependence or abuse in the last 6 months, excluding caffeine and nicotine.
* Any contraindication to MRI scanning.
* Presence of cardiac arrhythmias, or other cardiac, respiratory, renal or endocrine conditions that may incur significant risk from a surgical procedure.
* Pregnancy.

Where this trial is running

Toronto, Ontario

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions Self-Injurious BehaviorAutism Spectrum Disorderdeep brain stimulationDBSASDSIBnucleus accumbens
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.