Comparing endoscopic variceal ligation and carvedilol to prevent bleeding in liver cancer patients

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Endoscopic Variceal Ligation Versus Carvedilol for the Prevention of First Esophageal Variceal Bleeding in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma

PHASE4 · Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan · NCT06594744

This study is testing whether a procedure called endoscopic variceal ligation or a daily medication called carvedilol is better at preventing bleeding in liver cancer patients with high-risk varices.

Quick facts

PhasePHASE4
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment120 (estimated)
Ages20 Years to 90 Years
SexAll
SponsorTaipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan (other gov)
Locations1 site (Taipei)
Trial IDNCT06594744 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This clinical trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) versus carvedilol in preventing the first episode of esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB) in patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have high-risk esophageal varices. Participants will either undergo EVL every 3-4 weeks until variceal eradication or take carvedilol daily, with regular follow-ups and monitoring for safety and efficacy. The study seeks to address the lack of randomized controlled trials comparing these two prevention strategies in this high-risk population.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates for this study are patients aged 20 to 90 with hepatocellular carcinoma and high-risk esophageal varices.

Not a fit: Patients with a history of esophageal variceal bleeding or those with contraindications to non-selective beta-blockers may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this study could provide a more effective prevention strategy for esophageal variceal bleeding in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, potentially improving survival rates.

How similar studies have performed: Previous studies have shown that endoscopic variceal ligation is superior to propranolol for preventing variceal bleeding in similar patient populations, indicating potential success for this approach.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

\- Patients with HCC and high-risk EVs, confirmed through imaging and clinical data (classified as F2 or F3 EVs according to Beppu et al. classification)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age less than 20 years or greater than 90 years.
* History of esophageal variceal bleeding.
* Previous treatment for EVs, including EVL, endoscopic sclerotherapy, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), or surgical interventions.
* Use of non-selective β-blockers within two weeks prior to enrollment.
* Contraindications for non-selective β-blockers, including severe atrioventricular block, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, poorly controlled diabetes, and severe peripheral artery disease.
* Presence of other end-stage organ diseases, including terminal cancers other than HCC, heart failure, and renal failure.
* Pregnant women.

Where this trial is running

Taipei

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.

View on ClinicalTrials.gov →

Conditions: Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Esophageal Varices, Endoscopic variceal ligation, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Nonselective beta-blocker, Portal hypertension

Last reviewed 2026-05-15 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.