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CLOVER score to find hidden cancer in people with venous blood clots

External Validation of a Predictive Model for Occult Cancer Risk in Patients With Venous Thromboembolism Developed Using Machine Learning

Observational Infanta Leonor University Hospital · NCT07310693

This project will test whether the CLOVER score can help find undiagnosed cancer in adults who have had a symptomatic venous blood clot.

Quick facts

Study typeObservational
Enrollment500 (estimated)
Ages18 Years and up
SexAll
SponsorInfanta Leonor University Hospital Academic / other
Locations12 sites (Barcelona, Barcelona and 11 other locations)
Trial IDNCT07310693 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

The study applies the machine-learning CLOVER score to two cohorts: a retrospective group of adults with objectively confirmed deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism from 2000–2022 and a prospective group enrolled from December 2025 to December 2027. Patients from the centers that developed the model are excluded from the retrospective cohort, and required clinical and laboratory variables are extracted from electronic health records using a standardized form. The CLOVER-Web tool will be used to calculate each patient’s risk and the model’s discrimination for occult cancer will be measured. Clinician satisfaction with the web-based implementation will also be recorded to gauge usability in routine practice.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Adults (≥18 years) with objectively confirmed acute symptomatic deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism who can provide informed consent and do not have suspected cancer at presentation.

Not a fit: Patients who already have suspicion of cancer at the time of VTE diagnosis, who cannot or refuse to give consent, or who are enrolled in conflicting interventional studies are unlikely to benefit from this validation effort.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, the score could help clinicians focus cancer screening on VTE patients at higher risk, potentially enabling earlier cancer diagnosis.

How similar studies have performed: Other predictive models and the original CLOVER derivation showed promising performance, but external validation of CLOVER across independent hospital cohorts is limited.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria 
Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥18 years.
* Objectively confirmed acute symptomatic venous thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism).
* Ability to provide written or electronic informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Suspicion of cancer during the initial diagnostic evaluation for VTE.
* Participation in another interventional study that may interfere with outcomes.
* Inability or refusal to provide informed consent.

Where this trial is running

Barcelona, Barcelona and 11 other locations

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
View on ClinicalTrials.gov → Find more trials like this →
Conditions Venous ThromboembolismOccult CancerVenous thromboembolismMachine learningPrediction modelExternal validationCLOVER score
Last reviewed 2026-06-10 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.