Changing high-flow nasal ventilation rate to see how CO2 levels respond in preterm infants

Influence of Flow Rate Change on CO2 Levels During High Flow Nasal Ventilation (HFNV) in Preterm Infants.

Not applicable Interventional Rambam Health Care Campus · NCT06622902

This study will see if using a lower (2 LPM) versus higher (6 LPM) high-flow nasal ventilation rate changes carbon dioxide levels in preterm infants who need non-invasive breathing support.

Quick facts

PhaseNot applicable
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment45 (estimated)
SexAll
SponsorRambam Health Care Campus Academic / other
Locations1 site (Haifa)
Trial IDNCT06622902 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This is a prospective crossover study in preterm newborns (24 to 33.6 weeks gestation) already receiving heated, humidified high-flow nasal ventilation (HFNV). Infants are randomized to start at either 2 LPM or 6 LPM and have transcutaneous CO2 (tcCO2) and other respiratory parameters monitored over three-hour periods with alternating flow rates. The primary outcome is the change in tcCO2 between low and high flow settings, with safety stop criteria for unsafe CO2 or clinical instability. The study plans to enroll 45 infants and will use paired and unpaired t-tests to compare CO2 and other respiratory measures.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are stabilized preterm infants (24.0–33.6 weeks gestation) already on HFNV with stable tcCO2 and HFNV settings for at least 6 hours and with parental consent.

Not a fit: Infants who are clinically unstable, have major congenital malformations, are outside the gestational age window, or meet the study's extreme CO2/flow exclusion thresholds are unlikely to benefit from this protocol.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, the results could help clinicians choose HFNV flow settings that maintain safe CO2 levels while minimizing discomfort or nasal injury.

How similar studies have performed: Previous research supports HFNV as a safe non-invasive alternative to CPAP with benefits like reduced nasal trauma and improved feeding, but direct randomized crossover data specifically comparing 2 versus 6 LPM effects on tcCO2 are limited.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria:

* Gestational age 240 to 336.
* At least 6 hours of stabilized HFNP settings, i.e. minor changes in settings (FiO2 ≤0.10, no change in flow).
* At least 6 hours of stabilized tcCO2, i.e. ≤5 mmHg variation.
* At least 6 hours from surfactant administration.
* Parental consent

Exclusion criteria:

* If flow is \<3 and tcCO2 related pCO2 is\<40mmHg.
* If Flow is ≥5 bpm and tcCO2 related pCO2 is\>60mmHg.
* Unstable infants due to acute conditions (sepsis. IVH), or congenital malformations.

Where this trial is running

Haifa

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions Respiratory Distress SyndromePrematurityNon Invasive VentilationRespiratory distress syndromeprematurityHIGH FLOWCO2VENTILATION
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.