Cardiovascular effects of gender-affirming hormones in adults

Cardiovascular Health of Transgender Individuals During the Clinical Gender-affirming Pathway

IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna · NCT07187947

This project tests whether masculinizing or feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy changes heart and blood vessel health in transgender adults who have been on hormones for at least 12 months.

Quick facts

Study typeObservational
Enrollment500 (estimated)
Ages18 Years and up
SexAll
SponsorIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna (other)
Locations1 site (Bologna, BO)
Trial IDNCT07187947 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This is an observational cohort at a tertiary center in Bologna following transgender adults receiving either masculinizing (testosterone) or feminizing (estradiol plus androgen-lowering agents) gender-affirming hormone therapy. Participants are adults with a diagnosis of gender incongruence who have been on continuous hormone therapy for at least 12 months and who have no prior cardiovascular events. The study collects clinical data and cardiovascular risk markers over time to characterize changes in cardiovascular health associated with GAHT. All participation requires informed consent and follow-up visits at the coordinating center.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Adults (18+) with diagnosed gender incongruence who have been receiving continuous masculinizing or feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy for at least 12 months and who have no history of cardiovascular events are ideal candidates.

Not a fit: People with prior cardiovascular events, those not on GAHT or on GAHT for less than 12 months, and minors are unlikely to benefit from participation.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, results could clarify hormone-related cardiovascular risks and help clinicians and patients choose safer, more informed hormone regimens.

How similar studies have performed: Previous observational studies have reported mixed findings, showing some changes in lipids, blood pressure, and thrombotic risk with GAHT while randomized evidence remains limited.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of gender incongruence
* Age 18 years or older at the start of therapy
* Undergoing gender-affirming (replacement or suppressive) hormone therapy with testosterone or with estradiol plus anti-androgens for at least 12 months
* Provision of informed consent for study participation and for the processing of personal and sensitive data

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any hormone therapy received before recruitment
* History of cardiovascular events prior to the initiation of hormone therapy

Where this trial is running

Bologna, BO

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.

View on ClinicalTrials.gov →

Conditions: Gender Incongruence, Cardiovascular Risk, Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor, Cardiovascular Disease Acute, Cardiovascular Health Status, Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, cardiovascular risk

Last reviewed 2026-05-15 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.