Breathing technique during EMG to see if pain and anxiety reduce in type 2 diabetes

Is this trial a fit for you?

A plain-English reading of the study's rules. Only the study team can confirm whether you qualify.

What this trial studies

This randomized controlled trial investigates whether training and using the 4-7-8 breathing technique during electromyography (EMG) reduces pain and anxiety in adults with type 2 diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Participants will be adults aged 18-70 with type 2 diabetes and DN4-confirmed neuropathy undergoing EMG at Osmaniye Training and Research Hospital. The experimental group will practice the breathing technique, while a control group receives standard EMG procedures; outcomes include pain and anxiety measures during EMG. The study addresses a gap in non-pharmacological pain management for EMG-related distress in diabetic patients. Results will help determine if this breathing method can be a simple, non-drug option to improve the EMG experience.

Why it matters

Who can join: the full rules

Inclusion Criteria:

* Individuals aged 18-70 years who:

  * Have been diagnosed with Type 2 DM for at least one year,
  * Have diabetic peripheral neuropathy and are taking medications with a DN4 score \>3,
  * Are cooperative and can communicate in Turkish. • Do not have orthopedic or surgical contraindications that would prevent them from undergoing testing.

Exclusion Criteria:

* • Individuals with severe autonomic neuropathy findings (resting tachycardia, etc.),

  * Individuals with respiratory system diseases that prevent deep breathing, such as COPD and asthma,
  * Individuals with active infection or compromised skin integrity (dryness, cracks, open wounds, lesions, etc.) in the area where EMG will be performed,
  * Individuals with a mass (tumor, cystic formation, etc.) in the anatomical area where EMG will be performed,
  * Individuals with varicose veins (signs of venous insufficiency) in the anatomical area where EMG will be performed,
  * Individuals with edema in the area where EMG will be performed that may affect the quality of electrophysiological recordings,
  * Individuals with a dialysis catheter, central venous catheter, or implanted venous port,
  * Individuals who have used analgesics (painkillers) within 24 hours prior to the procedure,
  * Individuals who cannot follow breath commands due to hearing or visual impairment. • Individuals with any muscle disease,
  * Individuals receiving chemotherapy/radiotherapy treatment at any time,
  * Individuals who have undergone knee, hip, or lumbar surgery,
  * Pregnant women,
  * Individuals with any inflammatory rheumatic disease,
  * Patients with pacemakers or ICDs,
  * Individuals with chronic kidney failure

Where it's running

• Osmaniye Training and Research Hospital
  Osmaniye, Osmaniye, Turkey (Türkiye) Recruiting

Study contacts

• Study coordinator: Nurgül GÜN, MSc, RN
• Email: nurgul.gun@hku.edu.tr
• Phone: +90 553 869 46 78

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How to take part

1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
2. Check the official listing on ClinicalTrials.gov for the latest contact details and recruitment status.
3. Contact the study coordinator or principal investigator to ask for pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.