Afrezza plus basal insulin for newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes in youth
Official title: INHALE-1st: Technosphere Insulin (Afrezza®) In Combination With Basal Insulin For Youth With Newly-Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes
Run by Mannkind Corporation · NCT07224321 · Data updated 2026-11-12
This trial tests whether adding inhaled Afrezza to daily basal insulin helps 10 to 17-year-olds newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes control their blood sugar and feel better about treatment.
Quick facts
| Phase | Phase 2 |
|---|---|
| Study type | Interventional |
| Ages | 6 Years to 17 Years |
| Sex | All |
| Enrollment | 100 (estimated) |
| Sponsor | Mannkind Corporation Industry-sponsored |
| Locations | 10 sites (Los Angeles, California and 9 other locations) |
| Status | Recruiting |
| Started | February 4, 2026 |
| Main results expected | March 2027 |
| Study ends | September 2027 |
| Registry record updated | August 13, 2026 |
| Trial ID | NCT07224321 on ClinicalTrials.gov |
Is this trial a fit for you?
✓Likely a good fit
Ideal candidates are 10 to <18 years old with a clinical diagnosis of stage 3 type 1 diabetes who can begin the Afrezza plus basal insulin regimen within 21 days of diagnosis and have normal lung function (FEV1 >80% predicted).
✕Probably not a fit
Children with chronic lung disease, low lung function, prior insulin treatment for stage 2 diabetes, or those unable to attend study visits are unlikely to benefit or be eligible.
A plain-English reading of the study's rules. Only the study team can confirm whether you qualify.
What this trial studies
In this Phase 2, single-arm, multicenter study, participants aged 10 to <18 with newly diagnosed stage 3 type 1 diabetes will start inhaled rapid-acting technosphere insulin (Afrezza) together with injected basal insulin within 21 days of diagnosis. Participants will be followed for a 13-week main phase, with an optional extension for up to 26 weeks for those who continue Afrezza plus basal insulin. The trial will collect safety data (including regular FEV1 lung function checks), measures of glycemic control, and questionnaires on participant and parent/guardian satisfaction. Enrollment excludes children with chronic pulmonary disease, prior insulin treatment for stage 2 disease, or reduced lung function (FEV1 ≤80% predicted).
Why it matters
Potential benefit: If successful, this approach could offer newly diagnosed teens a rapid, inhaled mealtime insulin option that may improve glucose control and convenience compared with injected mealtime insulin.
How similar studies have gone: Afrezza (technosphere insulin) is approved for adults and has shown effectiveness and acceptable safety in adult trials, but randomized data and experience in newly diagnosed children remain limited.
Who can join: the full rules
Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria: * Age 6 to \<18 years of age * Clinical diagnosis of stage 3 T1D, per the investigator. Stage 3 is defined as hyperglycemia, meeting ADA glycemic and clinical diagnostic criteria * Able to start the Afrezza-BI regimen within 21 days following T1D diagnosis (day 1 is based on the first insulin dose) * Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1) \>80.0% of predicted Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) value * Investigator believes that participant can be expected to follow the study protocol * No medical, psychiatric, psychosocial conditions, or medications being taken that in the investigator's judgment would be a safety concern for participation in the study Exclusion Criteria: * Prior insulin treatment for stage 2 T1D * In the judgment of the investigator, history of chronic lung disease, such as asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, or any other clinically important pulmonary disease (e.g., cystic fibrosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia) * Allergy or known hypersensitivity to human regular insulin * Smoking (includes cigarettes, cigars, pipes, marijuana, and vaping devices) within 3 months prior to screening and/or positive cotinine test for smoking * Positive urine pregnancy test for female subjects of childbearing potential
Where it's running
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Children's Hospital Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California, United States Recruiting -
University of California San Francisco
San Francisco, California, United States Recruiting -
Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes Young Adult Clinic
Aurora, Colorado, United States Recruiting -
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut, United States Recruiting -
University of Florida
Gainsville, Florida, United States Recruiting -
Indiana University
Indianapolis, Indiana, United States Recruiting
Show 4 more locations
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Joslin Diabetes Center
Boston, Massachusetts, United States Recruiting -
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States Recruiting -
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas, United States Recruiting -
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia, United States Recruiting
Study contacts
- Study coordinator: Jennifer Pleitez
- Email: jpleitez@mannkindcorp.com
- Phone: 818-661-5032
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How to take part
- Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
- Check the official listing on ClinicalTrials.gov for the latest contact details and recruitment status.
- Contact the study coordinator or principal investigator to ask for pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.