Understanding Why Anxiety Treatments Sometimes Stop Working

Project 3: Latent-cause inference in anxiety

NIH-funded research Princeton University · NIH-11167636

This project explores why anxiety can return after successful therapy, focusing on how our brains learn and unlearn fear.

Quick facts

Grant typeNIH-funded research
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionPrinceton University NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Princeton, UNITED STATES)
Project IDNIH-11167636 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

Exposure therapy is a very effective treatment for many anxiety disorders, but it's common for anxiety to return later. This happens because even after learning to feel safe, the brain might still hold onto old fear memories. Our project aims to understand why some individuals experience this return of fear, called spontaneous recovery, and how it connects to their anxiety symptoms. We use advanced computer models to precisely measure how each person's brain processes fear and safety. By examining these individual differences and their brain activity, we hope to uncover the root causes of treatment relapse.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: This research is for individuals with anxiety disorders, especially those who have experienced or are at risk of anxiety returning after therapy.

Not a fit: Patients whose anxiety is not related to fear learning or who do not experience relapse after treatment may not directly benefit from this specific research.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this work could lead to new strategies for making anxiety treatments more effective and preventing relapse, offering longer-lasting relief for patients.

How similar studies have performed: Previous laboratory studies have shown that learned safety can be fragile, leading to the return of fear, which this project builds upon.

Where this research is happening

Princeton, UNITED STATES

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Conditions Anxiety Disorders
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.