Single-cell tests to find early signs and causes of type 1 diabetes

Early diagnosis and mechanistic studies of type 1 diabetes using single cell analysis

NIH-funded research Scripps Research Institute, the · NIH-11137067

This project develops blood-based single-cell tests to spot early immune changes that signal developing type 1 diabetes in people at risk.

Quick facts

Grant typeNIH-funded research
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionScripps Research Institute, the NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (La Jolla, United States)
Project IDNIH-11137067 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

Researchers will analyze individual immune cells in blood to look for the specific CD4 T cells that target insulin-producing beta cells. They use HLA-DQ8 insulin-peptide tetramers to isolate those rare antigen-specific T cells and perform single-cell molecular analysis to define their activity. The team aims to identify real-time biomarkers of islet autoimmunity that appear before blood sugar changes. Work focuses on people with genetic risk (such as HLA-DQ8), positive autoantibodies, or family history of type 1 diabetes.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Ideal candidates are people with a family history of type 1 diabetes, positive anti-islet autoantibodies, or high-risk HLA types (for example HLA-DQ8).

Not a fit: People with long-established, insulin-dependent diabetes or those with non-autoimmune (type 2) diabetes are unlikely to benefit from the early-detection focus of this work.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this could enable earlier detection of autoimmune activity and guide preventive treatments to delay or prevent onset of type 1 diabetes.

How similar studies have performed: Related tetramer and single-cell methods have successfully identified autoimmune T cells in high-risk individuals, but using them as routine clinical biomarkers is still relatively new.

Where this research is happening

La Jolla, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Conditions Autoimmune Diseases
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.