CO2 breathing test to predict who may not respond to exposure therapy

2/2-CO2 Reactivity as a Biomarker of Non-Response to Exposure-Based Therapy

NIH-funded research Boston University (Charles River Campus) · NIH-11299057

A safe CO2 breathing test aims to find whether adults with anxiety, OCD, or trauma-related disorders are unlikely to improve with exposure therapy.

Quick facts

Grant typeR01 grant
Study typeNIH-funded research
Funding institutionBoston University (Charles River Campus) NIH-funded
Lab location1 site (Boston, United States)
Project IDNIH-11299057 on NIH RePORTER

What this research studies

You would have a brief, safe CO2 breathing challenge before starting an open, state-of-the-art exposure therapy program. The team plans to enroll about 600 adults with fear- or anxiety-related conditions and measure how their bodies react to CO2 along with other clinical tests. Everyone will then receive transdiagnostic exposure-based therapy while researchers track who improves and who does not. The researchers will build a prediction model to see if CO2 reactivity helps spot people who are unlikely to benefit from exposure therapy.

Who could benefit from this research

Good fit: Adults (21 years and older) with anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, or trauma- and stressor-related disorders who are planning to begin exposure-based therapy are the intended participants.

Not a fit: People under 21, individuals without anxiety-related disorders, or those not receiving exposure therapy would not directly benefit from this work.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this could help clinicians and patients avoid ineffective exposure therapy by identifying those unlikely to benefit ahead of time.

How similar studies have performed: Animal studies have shown CO2 reactivity links to fear extinction problems, but using CO2 to predict human therapy non-response remains largely unproven and is being validated here.

Where this research is happening

Boston, United States

Researchers

About this research

  1. This is an active NIH-funded research project — typically early-stage science, not a clinical trial accepting patient enrollment.
  2. Some NIH-funded labs run parallel clinical studies or seek volunteers for related work. To check, contact the principal investigator or institution listed above.
  3. For full project details, budget, and progress reports, visit the official NIH RePORTER page below.
Conditions Anxiety Disorders
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.