Valacyclovir treatment for newborns at risk of herpes simplex virus

A Phase I Adaptive, Multiple Dose Pharmacokinetic and Safety Assessment of Valacyclovir in Infants at Risk of Acquiring Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Disease

Phase 1 Interventional National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) · NCT05468619

This study is testing if an oral medication called valacyclovir is safe and effective for newborns at risk of getting herpes simplex virus disease.

Quick facts

PhasePhase 1
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment16 (estimated)
Ages1 Day to 2 Days
SexAll
SponsorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) NIH
Locations12 sites (Birmingham, Alabama and 11 other locations)
Trial IDNCT05468619 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This Phase 1 trial evaluates the safety and pharmacokinetics of oral valacyclovir in neonates who are at risk of acquiring neonatal herpes simplex virus disease. The study involves two cohorts of neonates, with the first cohort receiving an initial dose of 10 mg/kg of oral valacyclovir. The pharmacokinetic data from this cohort will inform the dosing for the second cohort. The primary goal is to establish a valacyclovir dose that achieves systemic acyclovir exposure comparable to standard parenteral treatment.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates include neonates with a maternal history of genital HSV infection who are at least 2 days old and weigh at least 2,000 grams.

Not a fit: Patients who are already infected with neonatal HSV or have other significant health issues, such as sepsis or renal dysfunction, may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this study could provide a safer and more convenient oral treatment option for neonates at risk of herpes simplex virus infection.

How similar studies have performed: While this approach is novel in the context of neonates, previous studies have shown the efficacy of valacyclovir in treating herpes simplex virus in older populations.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Signed informed consent from parent(s) or legal guardian(s)
2. Maternal history of genital HSV infection
3. Maternal receipt of oral acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir suppressive therapy for = 7 days prior to delivery
4. Gestational age = 38 weeks at birth
5. = 2 days of age at study enrollment\*
6. Weight at study enrollment = 2,000 grams

   * For purposes of this study, the calendar day of birth is Day of Life 0

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Evidence of neonatal HSV infection
2. Evidence of sepsis
3. Known renal anomalies or dysfunction
4. Maternal genital lesions suspicious for HSV at the time of delivery
5. Infants known to be born to women who are HIV positive (but HIV testing is not required for study entry)
6. Current receipt in the neonate of acyclovir, ganciclovir, famciclovir, or any investigational drugs

Where this trial is running

Birmingham, Alabama and 11 other locations

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions Herpes SimplexDiseaseHerpes Simplex VirusNeonatalPhase IValacyclovir
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.