Using azithromycin to prevent infections after cesarean delivery

Azithromycin Prophylaxis for Prelabor Cesarean Delivery Trial

PHASE3 · The George Washington University Biostatistics Center · NCT06605118

This study is testing if giving azithromycin along with standard antibiotics can help prevent infections after cesarean deliveries for women and their babies.

Quick facts

PhasePHASE3
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment8000 (estimated)
SexFemale
SponsorThe George Washington University Biostatistics Center (other)
Locations14 sites (Birmingham, Alabama and 13 other locations)
Trial IDNCT06605118 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This phase-III multi-center double-blind randomized controlled trial involves 8,000 individuals undergoing scheduled or prelabor cesarean deliveries. Participants will be randomized to receive either adjunctive azithromycin prophylaxis or a placebo, in addition to standard preoperative antibiotics. The primary goal is to determine if azithromycin reduces the risk of post-cesarean infections compared to placebo, while secondary objectives include assessing safety and resource use outcomes. Maternal and neonatal outcomes will be monitored up to six weeks postpartum.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are pregnant individuals at or beyond 23 weeks' gestation scheduled for a cesarean delivery.

Not a fit: Patients with allergies to azithromycin, active infections requiring treatment, or those in labor prior to the cesarean will not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this approach could significantly reduce the incidence of infections following cesarean deliveries, improving maternal health outcomes.

How similar studies have performed: Previous studies have shown promising results with antibiotic prophylaxis in surgical settings, suggesting potential success for this approach.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* ≥ 23 weeks' gestation (ACOG dating criteria)
* Scheduled or prelabor cesarean delivery
* Singleton or twin gestation

Exclusion Criteria:

* Allergy or contraindication to azithromycin or macrolide antibiotics, including those with a history of cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction associated with prior use of azithromycin
* Chorioamnionitis
* Bacterial infection (e.g., pyelonephritis) requiring ongoing antibiotic treatment after delivery
* Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) or labor (i.e., contractions with ongoing cervical change)
* Fetal demise or known major congenital anomaly
* Azithromycin treatment within 7 days
* Planned use of antimicrobial prophylaxis after delivery for any reason
* Known structural heart disease or active cardiomyopathy (current ejection fraction\<40%)
* Known arrhythmia with QT prolongation or taking scheduled medications known to prolong the QT interval such that it would preclude the use of azithromycin
* Refusal or unable to obtain consent (e.g., language barrier)
* Participating in another intervention study that influences the primary outcome in this study
* Participation in this trial in a previous pregnancy. Patients who were screened in a previous pregnancy, but not randomized, do not have to be excluded.

Where this trial is running

Birmingham, Alabama and 13 other locations

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.

View on ClinicalTrials.gov →

Conditions: Obstetrical Complications, Labor and Delivery Complication, Cesarean Delivery, cesarean delivery, infection, maternal morbidity, antibiotics, prevention

Last reviewed 2026-05-15 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.