Using alpha-defensin and synovial proteins to diagnose pediatric septic arthritis

Alpha-Defensin and Synovial Proteins to Improve Detection of Pediatric Septic Arthritis

NA · Hospital for Special Surgery, New York · NCT03704766

This study is testing if certain proteins in joint fluid can help doctors better diagnose septic arthritis in children who might have joint infections.

Quick facts

PhaseNA
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment442 (estimated)
AgesN/A to 17 Years
SexAll
SponsorHospital for Special Surgery, New York (other)
Locations3 sites (Atlanta, Georgia and 2 other locations)
Trial IDNCT03704766 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This study aims to improve the diagnosis of septic arthritis in children by evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of alpha-defensin and other synovial biomarkers in joint fluid samples. Pediatric patients under 18 years old, suspected of having joint infections, will undergo joint aspiration to collect synovial fluid for analysis. The study will compare samples from patients with suspected infections to those from normative controls undergoing unrelated procedures. Various assays will be performed on the collected fluid to identify potential biomarkers indicative of bacterial joint infections.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates for this study are pediatric patients under 18 years old who are undergoing joint aspiration due to suspected infection or inflammation.

Not a fit: Patients with major joint trauma within the past 8 weeks or those with a recent history of infection may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this study could lead to faster and more accurate diagnoses of septic arthritis in children, potentially reducing the need for unnecessary surgical interventions.

How similar studies have performed: Previous studies have shown that the alpha-defensin assay has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing joint infections, indicating potential success for this approach.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria- Septic Cases and Inflamed, Non-Septic Comparators:

* Synovial fluid is obtained to assess for infection or inflammatory/rheumatologic disease (all medium and large joints will be included: hip, knee, ankle, shoulder, subtalar, elbow, and wrist joints)
* Patients with recent antibiotic exposure are eligible to participate but will be analyzed separately

Inclusion Criteria- Normative Controls:

* Patients undergoing a procedure unrelated to infection (the procedure may be arthroscopy, or an open or percutaneous bony or soft tissue procedure)

Exclusion Criteria- All Participants:

* Family declines to participate/consent
* Patients with a major joint trauma (such as a documented ligament tear or fracture) within the past 8 weeks are not eligible to have that joint aspirated, but could have another joint aspirated

Exclusion Criteria- Normative Controls:

* A history of recent infection (within the past 3 months)
* Received antibiotics in the past 7 days

Where this trial is running

Atlanta, Georgia and 2 other locations

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.

View on ClinicalTrials.gov →

Conditions: Joint Infection, Infection of Hip Joint, Infection of Shoulder Joint, Septic Arthritis, synovial biomarkers, alpha-defensin, diagnostics, pediatric

Last reviewed 2026-05-15 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.