Using advanced PET/MRI with 18F‑FMISO to monitor immunotherapy for triple negative breast cancer

Monitoring Breast Cancer Immunotherapy Treatment With Advanced PET/MRI: A Pilot Study

Early Phase 1 Interventional University of Alabama at Birmingham · NCT04861077

This project will test whether a special PET/MRI scan with 18F‑FMISO can show and help predict how immunotherapy is working in people with PD‑L1 positive triple negative breast cancer.

Quick facts

PhaseEarly Phase 1
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment20 (estimated)
Ages18 Years to 75 Years
SexFemale
SponsorUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham Academic / other
Drugs / interventionsimmunotherapy
Locations1 site (Birmingham, Alabama)
Trial IDNCT04861077 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This early-phase imaging study will enroll about 20 adults with biopsy-proven stage II–IV triple negative breast cancer who are eligible for but have not yet started immunotherapy. Participants will undergo up to three combined 18F‑FMISO PET and contrast‑enhanced MRI scans: one before starting immunotherapy and additional scans during early treatment cycles. The imaging is performed in parallel with standard oncologist-directed care and will not change treatment decisions; images and data will be analyzed to see if PET/MRI features correlate with response. If signals look promising, the results would be used to design larger trials to validate the approach.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are adults 18–75 years old with biopsy‑proven stage II–IV triple negative breast cancer, PD‑L1 positive (≥50%), eligible for immunotherapy but not yet started, with at least one RECIST‑measurable lesion >1 cm and adequate kidney function.

Not a fit: Patients already receiving immunotherapy, with low or unknown PD‑L1 expression, who are pregnant or breastfeeding, who exceed the scanner weight/fit limits, or who have a life expectancy under one year are unlikely to benefit from joining this imaging study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this approach could let doctors detect whether immunotherapy is working earlier and help personalize treatment for patients with triple negative breast cancer.

How similar studies have performed: Related PET imaging approaches have shown promise for monitoring therapy in other cancers, but using 18F‑FMISO PET/MRI specifically to predict immunotherapy response in triple negative breast cancer is relatively novel and evidence is limited.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients must be ≥ 18 years old and ≤ 75 years old
2. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients (biopsy-proven) stage II-IV eligible
3. \>50%Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive
4. Eligible for immunotherapy who are naïve to beginning any immunotherapy treatment
5. May not be pregnant or breastfeeding
6. Subjects must be willing to sign consent
7. Adequate creatinine clearance per institutional guidelines and within 30 days
8. Estimated life expectancy of greater than one year
9. Patients must have one lesion with RECIST measurable disease (greater than 1 cm in diameter, measured from diagnostic breast MRI or staging CT)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Inability to provide informed consent
2. Weight over 350 lbs., due to the scanner bore size
3. Lactating, known or suspected pregnancy. Women with child-bearing potential must a have a negative serum Human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) pregnancy test within 48 hours or a negative urine β-hCG pregnancy test within 24 hours of each PET imaging study.
4. Contraindication for MRI study (e.g. non-removable metal implants or certain tattoos)
5. Unable to lie still on the imaging table for one (1) hour
6. contraindication for gadolinium-based contrast agent, ProHance (gadoteridol)
7. Have received immunotherapy in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting

Where this trial is running

Birmingham, Alabama

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Last reviewed 2026-06-10 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.