Transcatheter mitral valve replacement for severe mitral regurgitation

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 65 years or older.
2. Symptomatic moderate to severe or severe functional mitral regurgitation (≥ Grade 3+).
3. NYHA functional Class ≥ II. If Class IV, patient must be ambulatory.
4. Ability to tolerate oral anticoagulation.
5. Ability to qualify for bailout surgery (which may include open heart surgery).
6. High risk for open-heart mitral valve surgery due to age, co-morbidities or frailty, as determined by the Heart Team.
7. Willing and able to complete study-related assessments and questionnaires.

Exclusion Criteria:

General Exclusion Criteria

1. Degenerative (i.e. intrinsic valve lesions) mitral regurgitation.
2. Excessive frailty or comorbid conditions that preclude the anticipated benefit of the mitral valve replacement.
3. Life expectancy \<1 year due to noncardiac conditions.
4. Endocarditis in the 3 months prior to procedure date.
5. Current admission with acute heart failure exacerbation.
6. Dependency on inotropic agents or mechanical circulatory support.
7. Untreated clinically significant CAD.
8. Active systemic infection.
9. Modified Rankin Scale ≥4 disability.
10. Chronic renal failure defined as eGFR \<30 mL/min/m2 or on renal replacement therapy.
11. Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), defined as PASP \> 60mmHg.
12. Platelets \< 90,000.
13. COPD 2 on home oxygen therapy deemed too high risk for intubation.
14. Refuses blood transfusions.
15. Documented bleeding or coagulation disorders (hypo- or hyper-coagulable states).
16. Severe connective tissue disease under chronic immunosuppressive or cortisone therapy.
17. Participating in other investigational studies likely to confound the results or affect the study.
18. Unable or does not sign the study informed consent form.
19. Patients classified as "vulnerable patients" 3 .

    Cardiovascular Exclusion Criteria
20. Myocardial infarction during prior 30 days.
21. Stroke or TIA during prior 90 days.
22. Severe extracardiac arteriopathy (safety measure for extra-circulatory support if surgical conversion is needed).
23. Prior mitral valve treatment (e.g., valve repair or replacement, MitraClip, etc.), and/or anticipated mitral valve treatment prior to enrollment.
24. Prior surgical mechanical valve AVR.
25. Prior TAVI.
26. Need for any planned cardiovascular surgery or intervention (other than for MV disease) within 30 days post-index procedure.
27. CRT or ICD implanted in previous 30 days.
28. Cardiogenic shock, hemodynamic instability, Systolic Blood Pressure \<90mmHg, Inotropic dependent or requiring IABP/mechanical circulatory support.
29. CABG or PCI within previous 30 days.
30. Inadequately treated for cardiac condition per applicable standards, such as for coronary artery disease, left ventricular dysfunction, mitral regurgitation, or heart failure, as reviewed by the Patient Screening Committee.
31. Prior or planned heart transplantation (UNOS status 1).
32. Physical evidence of right-sided congestive heart failure:

    1. Patients with ascites.
    2. Patients with anasarca (generalized edema / hydropsy).
33. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, constrictive pericarditis, or other structural heart disease causing heart failure with the exception of dilated ischemic or non-ischemic cardiomyopathy.

    Procedural Exclusion Criteria
34. Known hypersensitivity or contraindication to procedural or post-procedural medication (e.g., contrast solution, anticoagulation therapy).
35. Documented hypersensitivity to nickel or titanium.
36. Contraindications to TEE imaging

    Cardiac Imaging Exclusion Criteria
37. Left ventricular EF ≤ 30% by echocardiogram.
38. Severe mitral annular calcification, severe mitral stenosis, valvular vegetation or mass.
39. Extensive mitral flail leaflets
40. Evidence of new or untreated intracardiac thrombus, mass, or vegetation.
41. Severe right ventricular dysfunction.
42. Severe tricuspid regurgitation.
43. Hemodynamically significant inter-atrial shunt (ASD).
44. Severe aortic regurgitation or aortic stenosis.
45. Anatomic ineligibility for SATURN TS Bioprosthetic System or SATURN TS procedure as determined by the Screening Committee.