Targeting autophagy to improve TACE outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma

Targeting Ischemia-Induced Autophagy Dependence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Image-guided Locoregional Therapy

Phase1; Phase2 Interventional VA Office of Research and Development · NCT05842174

This trial will test whether giving hydroxychloroquine with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for people with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma increases tumor cell killing and anti-tumor immune response.

Quick facts

PhasePhase1; Phase2
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment93 (estimated)
Ages18 Years and up
SexAll
SponsorVA Office of Research and Development Federal
Drugs / interventionschemotherapy
Locations1 site (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
Trial IDNCT05842174 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This Phase 1/2 interventional trial adds the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine to a standard TACE/TAE procedure using lipiodol, with a placebo control arm, to exploit ischemia-induced autophagy dependence in HCC. Eligible patients are adults with BCLC B HCC, a LI-RADS 5 lesion ≥3 cm, Child-Pugh A/B7, and ECOG performance status 0 who are referred for TACE. The protocol builds on preclinical and preliminary clinical observations that HCC cells survive TACE-induced ischemia via enhanced autophagy and become dependent on that pathway. Investigators will measure tumor response, safety (including cardiologic and ophthalmologic monitoring), and signals of enhanced anti-tumor immunity after combining HCQ with TACE.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are adults (≥18) with BCLC B HCC who have a LI-RADS 5 lesion at least 3 cm, Child-Pugh A or B7 liver function, ECOG 0, and are being referred for TACE and can provide informed consent.

Not a fit: Patients with QT prolongation, ophthalmologic retinopathy, pregnancy or breastfeeding, prior local or systemic therapy to the target lesion, or contraindications to contrast-enhanced MRI or the study procedures are unlikely to benefit or are excluded.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, adding hydroxychloroquine to TACE could increase tumor cell death and improve local control and longer-term outcomes for patients with unresectable HCC.

How similar studies have performed: Preclinical and early clinical data show HCC uses autophagy to survive ischemia and hydroxychloroquine has been tested as an autophagy inhibitor in other cancers, but combining HCQ specifically with TACE for HCC is novel.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* Male or female, aged 18 years, meeting criteria for diagnosis of BCLC B HCC and referred to undergo TACE
* HCC measuring 3 cm in minimum transverse diameter and meets LI-RADS 5 criteria based on cross-sectional imaging as determined by a board-certified, sub-specialty trained radiologist
* Childs Pugh Turcotte A/B7, Performance Status 0
* Informed of investigational nature of this study with provision of signed and dated informed consent form
* Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for the duration of the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* QT prolongation on ECG
* Retinopathy on ophthalmologic examination
* Females who are pregnant or breast feeding at the time of screening will not be eligible for this study

  * a serum or urine pregnancy test will be performed in women of child-bearing potential at screening
* Prior LRT or systemic therapy to the target lesion
* Contraindication to contrast enhanced MRI or metallic implant within the liver.
* HCQ allergy, porphyria, uncontrolled psoriasis, and existing retinopathy
* Lesion not amenable to biopsy based on pre-TACE imaging as determined by treating interventional radiologist
* Serious or unstable medical or psychological conditions that, in the opinion of the investigator, would compromise the subject's safety or successful participation in the study)

Where this trial is running

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions Hepatocellular CarcinomaHepatocellular carcinomaTransarterial ChemoembolizationTransarterial EmbolizationAutophagy
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.