Surgery vs. conservative treatment for foot drop caused by peroneal nerve entrapment

A Prospective, Multi-center, Randomized, Parallel-group Controlled Trial to Compare Conservative Versus Surgical Treatment of Foot Drop in Peroneal Nerve Entrapment.

Not applicable Interventional Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven · NCT04695834

This study is testing whether surgery or physical therapy works better for people with ongoing foot drop caused by nerve issues.

Quick facts

PhaseNot applicable
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment182 (estimated)
Ages18 Years and up
SexAll
SponsorUniversitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven Academic / other
Locations18 sites (Mechelen, Antwerpen and 17 other locations)
Trial IDNCT04695834 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

The FOOT DROP trial is a multi-center, randomized controlled trial designed to compare the effectiveness of decompressive surgery against maximal conservative treatment for patients with persistent foot drop due to peroneal nerve entrapment. Participants will be randomized to receive either surgical intervention or conservative management focusing on physiotherapy if their symptoms persist for 10 ± 4 weeks. The study will evaluate outcomes through various questionnaires, muscle strength assessments, and gait evaluations over a period of 18 months, with the primary endpoint being the distance covered in a six-minute walking test at 9 months post-randomization. This trial aims to provide robust evidence on the best treatment approach for this condition.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are adults aged 18 and older with documented peroneal nerve entrapment and persistent foot drop after 10 ± 4 weeks of symptom onset.

Not a fit: Patients with foot drop due to other causes, such as traumatic injuries or compressive masses, will not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this trial could provide clear guidance on whether surgical intervention is more effective than conservative treatment for improving mobility in patients with foot drop.

How similar studies have performed: This is the first prospective randomized controlled trial on this topic, as previous literature consists mainly of biased retrospective case series.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* Written informed consent to participate in the study must be obtained from the subject or proxy / legal representative prior to initiation of any study-mandated procedure
* EDX-documented peroneal nerve entrapment with persisting (10 ± 4 weeks) foot drop (MRC-score ≤ 3)
* Imaging (ultrasound/MRI) performed to exclude a compressive mass
* Age ≥ 18 years

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects with posttraumatic or iatrogenic peroneal nerve injury
* Subjects with peroneal neuropathy due to a compressive mass (e.g. cyst, tumour)
* Peroneal nerve entrapment at other sites than the fibular head
* Patients with mental or physical problems that incapacitate them to participate in a physiotherapy program
* Psychiatric illness
* Pregnancy
* Planned (e)migration within 1 year after randomization to another country
* Subjects with previous foot drop
* Permanently bedridden subjects
* Subjects with neurological or musculoskeletal history which could impact foot drop assessment and/or gait analysis (e.g. polyneuropathy, hereditary neuropathy with pressure palsies, critical illness polyneuropathy, previous stroke, ankle surgery, …).

Where this trial is running

Mechelen, Antwerpen and 17 other locations

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions Peroneal Nerve EntrapmentPeroneal nerveNeurolysisConservative treatmentRandomised controlled trialFoot drop
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.