Patient-centered tool to measure pain during cesarean delivery

Pain During Cesarean Delivery: a Patient-Centered Assessment Tool Developed With Mixed Methods

Observational University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland · NCT07409012

This project will try to create a simple tool to measure pain felt during elective cesarean delivery for people who had neuraxial (spinal/epidural) anesthesia.

Quick facts

Study typeObservational
Enrollment15 (estimated)
Ages18 Years and up
SexFemale
SponsorUniversity Hospital, Basel, Switzerland Academic / other
Locations1 site (Basel, Canton of Basel-City)
Trial IDNCT07409012 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

The team will review existing literature and combine clinical expert opinion with direct patient experiences to create a standardized intraoperative pain measure for cesarean delivery. Experts from multiple disciplines will take part in a structured Delphi consensus process to identify and refine key assessment items. Researchers will conduct interviews with recent cesarean patients to ensure the tool reflects patient priorities and wording. The final product aims to be a brief, patient-centered instrument usable in clinical care and research.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Adults over 18 who can give informed consent, speak German or Swiss German, had an elective cesarean under neuraxial anesthesia within the past 48–72 hours, and delivered a healthy infant of at least 35+1 weeks' gestation.

Not a fit: People with known fetal abnormalities or neonatal death, neonatal ICU admission, severe postpartum hemorrhage (>1000 mL), preeclampsia, current severe psychiatric disease, substance abuse, or chronic pain disorders are excluded and unlikely to benefit from this tool.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, the tool could help clinicians and researchers better recognize and document pain during cesarean delivery, improving pain management and study quality.

How similar studies have performed: The protocol uses established methods (literature review, Delphi consensus, and patient interviews) commonly used to develop clinical measurement tools, but a dedicated patient-centered intraoperative cesarean pain instrument is relatively novel.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* Signed informed consent
* Age \> 18 years
* Proficient in German or Swiss German
* Elective cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia in last 48-72 hours
* Delivery of an healthy infant of at least 35+1 weeks of gestation

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known fetal abnormalities or neonatal death
* Admission of the neonate to the ICU
* Severe postpartum hemorrhage of \>1000ml blood loss
* Preeclampsia
* Current psychiatric disease, e.g. schizophrenia, personality disorders
* Substance abuse
* Chronic pain disease

Where this trial is running

Basel, Canton of Basel-City

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions Elective Cesarean Delivery
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.