Optimizing ECT for difficult-to-treat depression

Changing Tactics? Optimizing ECT in Difficult-to-treat Depression: A Randomized Trial Comparing Continuation of Right Unilateral ECT and Switching to Bitemporal ECT in Case of Early Non-response During an Acute Course of ECT for Difficult-to-treat Depression

Not applicable Interventional Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven · NCT05923801

This study is testing whether sticking with one type of electroconvulsive therapy or switching to another can help people with tough-to-treat depression recover faster and with less impact on their thinking.

Quick facts

PhaseNot applicable
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment196 (estimated)
Ages18 Years and up
SexAll
SponsorUniversitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven Academic / other
Locations1 site (Kortenberg)
Trial IDNCT05923801 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This randomized controlled trial aims to determine whether continuing with right unilateral (RUL) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) or switching to bitemporal (BT) ECT is more effective in speeding up recovery and minimizing cognitive impact for patients with difficult-to-treat depression who show no early response to treatment. Participants will be assessed for antidepressant efficacy and cognitive performance during the acute ECT course and up to three months post-treatment. The study will involve patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder who have not responded adequately after four ECT sessions.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are adults aged 18 and older diagnosed with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder who have not shown a significant response to initial ECT treatments.

Not a fit: Patients with contraindications for general anesthesia, non-Dutch speakers, or those with certain psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia will not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this study could lead to improved treatment strategies for patients with difficult-to-treat depression, enhancing recovery rates while preserving cognitive function.

How similar studies have performed: Other studies have explored ECT techniques, but this specific comparison of RUL versus BT ECT in early non-responders is relatively novel.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* Voluntary written informed consent of the participant or their legally authorized representative has been obtained prior to any screening procedures
* Age 18 or older
* Diagnosis of major depressive disorder (DSM-5 296.21-30) or bipolar disorder, depressed (DSM-5 296.51-54; 296.84).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Contra-indication for general anesthesia
* Non-Dutch speaking
* Diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder or schizophrenia
* Diagnosis of substance use disorder in the past six months
* Diagnosis of neurocognitive disorder or intellectual disability alongside a MoCA score \<23
* Previous ECT course in the past three months
* Participation in an interventional Trial with an investigational medicinal product or device
* Pregnancy

Where this trial is running

Kortenberg

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions DepressionElectroconvulsive TherapyCognition
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.