Non-invasive breathing therapies to improve respiratory function after chronic spinal cord injury

Non-Invasive Interventions and Biomarker Identification for Respiratory Recovery in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Not applicable Interventional Thomas Jefferson University · NCT07135583

We will try combining non-invasive spinal electrical stimulation and brief high-carbon-dioxide breathing with respiratory resistance exercises to see if they improve breathing in adults with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury.

Quick facts

PhaseNot applicable
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment20 (estimated)
Ages18 Years to 70 Years
SexAll
SponsorThomas Jefferson University Academic / other
Locations1 site (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
Trial IDNCT07135583 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This single-site, interventional crossover trial tests whether four consecutive days of combined hypercapnic-intermittent hypoxia (HiCO2-AIH) and transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) enhances the effect of respiratory resistance training in adults with chronic incomplete cervical or thoracic SCI. Using a Williams crossover design, up to 20 participants (target n=16 after accounting for dropout) will receive the combined intervention, each single intervention alone, and respiratory resistance exercise alone across separate treatment periods. The primary outcome is change in mouth occlusion pressure at 0.1 seconds (P0.1) measured from before to one day after intervention, with secondary outcomes including maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, forced vital capacity, and diaphragm neurophysiology measured by TMS and cervical magnetic stimulation. The study will also collect blood and genetic biomarkers to explore predictors of response and will continuously monitor respiratory and cardiovascular safety parameters during interventions.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Adults 18–70 with chronic (≥1 year) incomplete spinal cord injury at or below C-3 to T-8 who are medically stable, have non-progressive injury, and show greater than 20% impairment in maximal inspiratory or expiratory pressure are the intended participants.

Not a fit: People with complete diaphragm paralysis, active cardiovascular or lung disease, uncontrolled autonomic dysreflexia, recent infections or non-healing wounds, pregnancy, seizure disorders, or other listed exclusion conditions are unlikely to be eligible or to benefit from this protocol.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, the approach could strengthen breathing drive and muscle function, reduce respiratory complications, and improve quality of life for people with chronic incomplete SCI.

How similar studies have performed: Prior small studies of intermittent hypoxia and spinal stimulation have shown promise for improving motor and some respiratory outcomes after SCI, but combining HiCO2-AIH with tSCS for respiratory training is novel and not yet established in larger trials.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

1. adults 18 to 70 years of age (the latter to reduce likelihood of cardiovascular disease);
2. chronic SCI for ≥ 1 year at or below C-3 to T-8
3. incomplete SCI based on classification of incomplete-B, C or D
4. medically stable with clearance from physician
5. SCI due to non-progressive etiology
6. \>20% impairment in maximal inspiratory or expiratory pressure generation

Exclusion Criteria:

* Individuals will be excluded due to (1) current diagnosis of an additional neurologic condition (eg. multiple sclerosis or stroke) (2) loss of diaphragm EMG activity on forced respiratory tests; (3) severe illness or infection (4) non-healing decubitus ulcers (5) untreated bladder or urinary infections (6) cardiovascular disease (7) lung disease (8) active heterotopic ossification (9) uncontrolled hypertension; (10) severe neuropathic pain; (11) pregnancy (5) severe recurrent and uncontrolled autonomic dysreflexia (6) history of seizure disorder.

Where this trial is running

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions Spinal Cord Injury, ChronicSpinal Cord Injury CervicalSpinal Cord Injury ThoracicIncomplete Spinal Cord Injury&amp#34Spinal Cord Stimulation&amp[MeSH]
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.