Monitoring PD-L1 expression in esophageal and rectal cancer during treatment

Programmed Death-ligand 1 Positron Emission Tomography Imaging During Neoadjuvant (Chemo)radiothErapy in Esophageal and Rectal Cancer (PETNEC): a Prospective Non-randomized Open-label Single-center Pilot Study

Not applicable Interventional Medical University of Vienna · NCT04564482

This study is testing how levels of a protein called PD-L1 change in patients with esophageal and rectal cancer during their treatment to see if it can help improve future therapies.

Quick facts

PhaseNot applicable
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment20 (estimated)
Ages18 Years to 100 Years
SexAll
SponsorMedical University of Vienna Academic / other
Drugs / interventionschemotherapy, immunotherapy
Locations1 site (Vienna)
Trial IDNCT04564482 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This pilot study aims to monitor the dynamics of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in patients with rectal and esophageal cancer during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or short-course preoperative radiotherapy (SCPRT). Using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, the study will assess how PD-L1 levels change in vivo throughout the treatment process. The goal is to better understand the role of PD-L1 in these cancers and potentially improve treatment strategies. Participants will be closely monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of the imaging approach.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates include adults aged 18 and older with histologically confirmed rectal or esophageal carcinoma requiring neoadjuvant CRT or SCPRT.

Not a fit: Patients with metastatic disease considered incurable by local therapies or those who have previously undergone surgery for the tumor may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this study could lead to more personalized treatment strategies for patients with rectal and esophageal cancer.

How similar studies have performed: While the approach of monitoring PD-L1 expression using PET imaging is innovative, similar studies have shown promise in understanding tumor dynamics and treatment responses.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years of age and older
* All sexes
* Histologically confirmed carcinoma of the rectum or oesophagus (squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, including oesophago-gastric junction cancers)
* Medical need for a neoadjuvant CRT/SCPRT
* Suitable to withstand the course of neoadjuvant CRT/SCPRT
* Written informed consent form (ICF) for participation in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* Metastatic disease, which is considered incurable by local therapies (expect for oligometastatic disease with a curative intend)
* Previous surgery of the tumor other than biopsy
* Pregnancy, breastfeeding or expectancy to conceive
* Prior therapy with anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-PD-L2 or any other agent directed against co-inhibitory T cell receptors or has previously participated in clinical studies with immunotherapy
* Disagreement of participants with reproductive potential to use contraception throughout the study period and for up to 180 days after the last dose of study therapy
* Hepatitis B or C
* Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
* Immunodeficiency
* Allogeneic tissue or solid organ transplantation
* Autoimmune disease that has required systemic therapy in the past 2 years with modifying agents, steroids or immunosuppressive drugs
* Active non-infectious pneumonitis
* Active infection requiring systemic therapy
* Systemic steroids or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to the first dose of study treatment
* Diagnosed and/or treated additional malignancy within 5 years of randomization, with the exception of curatively-treated basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and/or curatively-resected in situ cervical and/or breast cancers
* Treatment with botanical preparations (i.e. herbal supplements or traditional Chinese medicines) intended for general health support or to treat the disease under study within 2 weeks prior to randomization/treatment
* Participants with serious or uncontrolled medical disorders
* Uncontrolled or significant cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, uncontrolled angina, any history of clinically significant arrhythmias, QTc prolongation in males \> 450 ms and \> 470 ms in females, participants with history of myocarditis)
* Allergies and adverse drug reaction (history of allergy or hypersensitivity to study drug components, contraindications to any of the study drugs of the chemotherapy regimen)
* Other exclusion criteria: Prisoners or participants who are involuntarily incarcerated, participants who are compulsorily detained for treatment of either a psychiatric or physical (i.e. infectious disease) illness

Where this trial is running

Vienna

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions Rectal Cancer StageOesophageal CancerRectal CancerChemoradiotherapyShort-course preoperative radiotherapyPD-L1 PET89Zr-atezolizumab
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.