Low-dose radiation to boost elranatamab for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma with extramedullary or paramedullary disease

A Phase 2 Study of Radiotherapy-induced Immune Priming to Enhance Elranatamab (Elra) in Relapsed Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM) With Extramedullary Disease (EMD) and Paramedullary Disease (PMD) "PRIME-EMD-PMD"

We will test whether low-dose radiation given before elranatamab helps people with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma that has grown outside the bone or into surrounding tissue respond better to treatment.

Quick facts

• Phase: PHASE2
• Study type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 34 (estimated)
• Sex: All
• Sponsor: M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (other)
• Drugs / interventions: radiation, prednisone, elranatamab
• Locations: 1 site (Houston, Texas)
• Trial ID: NCT07382739 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This Phase 2 trial combines targeted low-dose radiotherapy to one or more extramedullary or paramedullary lesions with treatment using the BCMA-directed drug elranatamab. Patients must have relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma after prior IMiD, proteasome inhibitor, and anti-CD38 therapy and have at least one irradiable EMD or PMD lesion that was not previously radiated. The primary endpoint is overall response rate at three months, with secondary endpoints that include adverse events, time to next treatment, progression-free survival, overall survival, quality of life, and local control of irradiated lesions. The study will also compare responses between EMD versus PMD and high-risk versus standard-risk disease.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have been exposed to IMiD, proteasome inhibitor, and anti-CD38 antibody therapies and who have at least one extramedullary or paramedullary lesion amenable to radiation are the intended participants.

Not a fit: Patients without extramedullary or paramedullary disease, those who cannot tolerate radiation or elranatamab, or those whose target lesions were already radiated are unlikely to benefit from this approach.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this approach could increase response rates and prolong time without progression for patients with RRMM and extramedullary or paramedullary disease.

How similar studies have performed: Using radiation to prime immune responses before BCMA-targeted therapies has a strong biological rationale and some early supportive signals, but robust controlled clinical evidence is still limited.

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion Criteria

* RRMM exposed to IMID, PI, anti-CD38 mAb, relapsed or refractory to at least one prior line of therapy (LOT), progressed on or after the last regimen:

  1. Relapsed disease: progressive disease (PD) \>60 days after cessation of prior therapy
  2. Refractory disease: PD \<=60 days after cessation of prior therapy, \<25% reduction in paraprotein (monoclonal protein \[M-protein\] or serum free light chains \[sFLC\]) or measurements of EMD/PMD
* Diagnosis of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma as indicated by progression by IMWG criteria
* At least one locus of EMD or PMD present on imaging (either PET/CT or magnetic resonance imaging \[MRI\]):
* EMD: extramedullary plasmacytoma, not a contiguous extension from a bone lesion.
* PMD: paraskeletal plasmacytoma, contiguous extension from a bone lesion At least one locus of EMD/PMD that was not previously radiated and can be treated with radiation
* Hematology (supportive care is allowed, including transfusions and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), if cytopenia is deemed secondary to myeloma disease burden):
* Hemoglobin (Hgb) \>=7g/dL
* Platelet\>=50K/uL
* Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>=0.75K/uL
* Chemistry:
* Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) \<=2.5 x upper
* limit of normal (ULN)
* Total bilirubin (TBili) \<=1.5ULN (except for a known history of Gilbert syndrome)
* Creatinine clearance (CrCL) \>=30mL/min/1.73m2
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) \<=2, unless ECOG PS due to pain/morbidity secondary to underlying myeloma disease, with the potential of improved ECOG PS to \<=2.
* All participants must be either
* Not of childbearing potential, or
* Practicing at least 1 highly effective method of contraception until 6 months after the last dose of study treatment.
* Childbearing age female participantsmust have a negative serum pregnancy test at screening and must agree to further pregnancy tests during the study.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Prior or concurrent exposure to any of the following in the specified time frame prior to the first dose of Elra treatment:

   * Within 14 days or at least 5 half-lives, whichever is less, of any investigational treatment
   * Within 7 days of IMIDs, PI, anti-CD38 mAb, or cytotoxic systemic myeloma therapies
   * Within 12 weeks of autologous stem-cell therapy (ASCT) or 6 months of AlloSCT and has to be off immunosuppressive agents \>=42 days without signs of graft versus host disease (GVHD)
   * Within 2 weeks of major surgery
   * Within 6 months of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) events
2. Waldenstrom, POEMS, Amyloidosis, ongoing plasma cell leukemia (PCL)
3. History of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
4. Active, uncontrolled HBV infection despite antiviral therapy.
5. Uncontrolled cardiac, pulmonary, gastrointestinal (GI), hepatic, renal, central nervous system(CNS) diseases not due to myeloma, at the discretion of investigator, that are not a candidate for T cell engager (TCE) therapy
6. Uncontrolled or recurrent infections
7. Autoimmune disease requiring systemic treatment (except for low dose steroids, equivalent to 10mg/day or less of prednisone)
8. Disabling psychiatric conditions, substance abuse (alcohol, or drug), dementia, altered mental status
9. Any other active malignancies within 5 years of completing treatment (with the exception of hormonal therapies for breast or prostate cancer) and \>minimal risk of recurrence
10. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
11. Any issues that may impair the ability of the participant to receive or tolerate the planned treatment, to understand the informed consent, or any condition for which, in the opinion of the investigator, participation would not be in the best interest of the participant or that would prevent, limit, or confound the protocol specified assessments.
12. History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to Elra or other agents used in study.
13. History or possible non-compliance with recommended treatments

Where this trial is running

Houston, Texas

• MD Anderson Cancer Center — Houston, Texas, United States (RECRUITING)

Study contacts

• Principal investigator: Christine Ye, MD — M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
• Study coordinator: Christine Ye, MD

Conditions: Phase 2, Radiotherapy-Induced Immune Priming, Elranatamab, Relapsed Refractory Multiple Myeloma, Extramedullary Disease in Multiple Myeloma, Paramedullary Disease, PMD