Imaging synapses in the human brain using a PET tracer

Imaging Synapses With [11C] UCB-J in the Human Brain

PHASE1 · Stanford University · NCT04038840

This study is testing a new brain imaging method to see if people with schizophrenia have fewer connections between brain cells, which could help improve how we diagnose and treat the condition.

Quick facts

PhasePHASE1
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment60 (estimated)
Ages18 Years to 65 Years
SexAll
SponsorStanford University (other)
Locations2 sites (Palo Alto, California and 1 other locations)
Trial IDNCT04038840 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This study aims to utilize the radioactive PET tracer [11C]UCB-J to investigate the neural synaptic pruning hypothesis in schizophrenia. By quantifying synaptic density in the living human brain, the study seeks to confirm reduced synaptic density as a key pathological feature of schizophrenia. This innovative imaging method could lead to groundbreaking advancements in diagnostics and treatments for neuropsychiatric diseases. Participants will undergo PET-MR scans to assess synaptic pathology associated with their condition.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates include adults aged 18-65 with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia or related disorders who are stable on their medication.

Not a fit: Patients with active substance use, significant neurological illnesses, or those unable to undergo MR scanning may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this study could lead to improved diagnostics and novel treatments for schizophrenia.

How similar studies have performed: While the approach of using [11C]UCB-J for imaging synapses is innovative, similar studies have not been widely reported, making this a novel investigation.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 - 65 years in age
* For SZ participants:

  * On a stable medication regimen for at least two weeks prior to testing
  * A clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizophreniform, or schizoaffective disorder
  * Able to complete a PET-MR scan without the use of sedation

Exclusion Criteria:

* Active substance use within three months of testing
* IQ \< 70
* Major medical neurological illness or significant head trauma
* Pregnancy or breastfeeding
* Contraindication to MR scanning, including magnetic-resonance incompatible metal or hardware including pacemakers, cochlear implants, and bullets near a critical organ
* Weight \> 350 lbs or a large body habitus that MR scanner cannot accommodate
* History of or current claustrophobia
* Inability to comply with basic study requirements such as following directions and punctuality
* For HC participants:

  * Presence of a first degree relative with a psychotic disorder
  * Lifetime diagnosis of major psychiatric illness
* For SZ participants:

  * Unstable psychiatric symptoms at the time of testing, e.g. acute suicidality, prominent psychosis, or behavioral dyscontrol

Where this trial is running

Palo Alto, California and 1 other locations

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.

View on ClinicalTrials.gov →

Conditions: Schizophrenia

Last reviewed 2026-05-15 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.