Foot-strengthening approaches to improve balance and walking in adults 45–85

Evaluation of a Novel Foot Strengthening Device for Improving Fall Risk, Balance, and Gait With Age

NA · Indiana University · NCT07384754

This program will test whether wearing minimalist shoes, doing a home foot-exercise program, or using a ToePro device can strengthen feet and improve balance, walking, and fall outcomes in adults ages 45–85.

Quick facts

PhaseNA
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment160 (estimated)
Ages45 Years to 85 Years
SexAll
SponsorIndiana University (other)
Locations1 site (Bloomington, Indiana)
Trial IDNCT07384754 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This randomized controlled trial assigns adults aged 45–85 to one of four groups: habitual minimalist footwear use, a prescribed foot-exercise program, use of a ToePro foot-strengthening device, or a no-intervention control. Participants complete laboratory testing of foot morphology, intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscle strength, standing balance, physical function, and walking gait at baseline and after an 8-week intervention. Active interventions are performed five days per week for eight weeks while all participants wear activity trackers to monitor daily steps and activity. A questionnaire-based follow-up on physical activity, footwear use, foot health, and falls is collected six months after the intervention period.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Adults 45–85 who can walk without an assistive device, have no history of foot or ankle surgery, do not regularly use minimalist footwear, and have a BMI ≤ 40 are ideal candidates.

Not a fit: People with unresolved musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, or renal conditions, current pregnancy, daily orthotic use, or any condition that limits safe participation in low-intensity exercise are unlikely to benefit or be eligible.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, these approaches could strengthen foot muscles, improve balance and walking stability, and lower fall risk for middle-aged and older adults.

How similar studies have performed: Smaller trials and pilot studies suggest foot-exercise programs and minimalist footwear can increase intrinsic foot strength and sometimes improve balance, but results are mixed and large randomized head-to-head comparisons are limited.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy adults: age 45-85 years old
* Able to walk without an assistive walking device or lower limb prosthesis
* No history of foot or ankle surgery
* No history of regular minimalist footwear use
* No foot or ankle issues for which study activities may be contraindicated
* BMI \<= 40

Exclusion Criteria:

* Deemed unfit for physical activity by the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q)
* Current or history of an unresolved musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary/respiratory, metabolic, renal condition, disease, or problem
* Use of orthotics in daily (i.e., non-athletic) footwear
* Pregnancy
* Any other disease or problems that may affect movement or the ability to exercise even at a low intensity

Where this trial is running

Bloomington, Indiana

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.

View on ClinicalTrials.gov →

Conditions: Minimalist Footwear, Traditional Foot Exercise Program, Foot Strengthening Device, Control Condition, Balance, Gait, Intrinsic Foot Muscles, Minimalist footwear

Last reviewed 2026-05-15 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.