Engineered T cells for treating advanced triple negative breast cancer

Phase Ib Clinical Trial of Autologous Anti-NY-ESO-1 TCR-Engineered T Cells in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Locally Advanced or Metastatic NY-ESO-1-Expressing Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Phase 1 Interventional University of Southern California · NCT05989828

This study is testing a new treatment using specially engineered T cells to see if it can help people with advanced triple negative breast cancer that has come back or does not respond to other treatments.

Quick facts

PhasePhase 1
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment20 (estimated)
Ages18 Years and up
SexFemale
SponsorUniversity of Southern California Academic / other
Drugs / interventionstrastuzumab, chemotherapy, Radiation, cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, prednisone
Locations1 site (Los Angeles, California)
Trial IDNCT05989828 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This phase Ib trial evaluates the safety and optimal dosing of A2-ESO-1 TCR-engineered T cells in patients with relapsed or refractory advanced or metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) that overexpresses the NY-ESO-1 antigen. The study employs a dose-escalation design to determine the maximum tolerated dose and assess dose-limiting toxicities. Patients will undergo leukapheresis to collect T cells, which will then be engineered to target the NY-ESO-1 antigen before being infused back into the patient. The trial also aims to evaluate the antitumor activity and immunological persistence of these engineered T cells.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are females aged 18 and older with advanced or metastatic TNBC that has relapsed or is refractory to multiple lines of therapy and who express the NY-ESO-1 antigen.

Not a fit: Patients with TNBC that does not overexpress NY-ESO-1 or those who have not received at least two lines of prior therapy may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this approach could provide a novel immunotherapy option for patients with advanced triple negative breast cancer that is resistant to standard treatments.

How similar studies have performed: Other studies using engineered T cells targeting specific tumor antigens have shown promising results, indicating potential for success in this novel approach.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* Female aged \>= 18 years
* Histologically confirmed advanced or metastatic TNBC that have relapsed on or are refractory to 2 or more lines of standard-of-care therapy including immune checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy, trastuzumab deruxtecan (TDX-d) and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors if indicated, but less than 4 lines of total therapies. TNBC is defined as estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor negative (\< 10% immunohistochemistry \[IHC\] staining) and HER2 negative (IHC 1+ or 0 AND/OR in situ hybridization negative based on:

  * Single-probe average HER2 copy number \< 4.0 signals/cell
  * Dual-probe HER2/CEP17 ratio \< 2.0 with an average HER2 copy number \< 4.0 signals/cell)
* HLA-A2+ and tumoral overexpression of NY-ESO-1 (2 to 3+ IHC staining in \> 50% of cells)
* Have measurable disease based on RECIST 1.1
* Life expectancy \>= 6 months
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1
* Hemoglobin \>= 9.0 g/dL (transfusions permitted)
* Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1500/mm\^3
* Platelet count \>= 100,000/mm\^3
* Creatinine (Cr) \< 2 x upper limit of normal (ULN), and Cr clearance (CrCl) \>= 50 mL/min by Cockcroft and Gault
* Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) \< 2 x ULN (Patients with liver metastases whose ALT/AST are \< 5 x ULN are eligible for enrollment)
* Bilirubin \< 2 x ULN
* White blood cell (WBC) count \> 2500/uL and \< 15000/uL
* Lymphocyte count \>= 500/uL
* Cardiac ejection fraction \>= 50%
* Negative serum pregnancy (human chorionic gonadotropin \[beta-hCG\]) test within 7 days of day 0 (leukapheresis) for women of childbearing potential (WOCBP). WOCBP must be willing to use a highly effective method of contraception for the course of the study through 90 days after A2-ESO-1 TCR-engineered T cell infusion
* Willing and able to provide written informed consent for the study
* Willing to provide biopsy tissues and blood samples as required by the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or non-cytotoxic investigational agent within 2 weeks of day 0 (leukapheresis)
* Received cyclophosphamide within the past 4 months
* Evidence of New York Heart Association class III or greater cardiac disease
* History of myocardial infarction, stroke, ventricular arrhythmia, or symptomatic conduction abnormality within the past 12 months
* History of congenital QT prolongation
* Absolute QT interval of \> 470 msec in the presence of \> 4.0 mEq/L potassium and \> 1.8 mg/dL magnesium
* Brain or leptomeningeal metastases
* Females who are pregnant or breastfeeding
* Hypersensitivity or intolerance to cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, or their components
* Alcoholic liver disease or other hepatic disease with the exception of liver metastases
* History of gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration, or perforation
* Any severe and/or uncontrolled medical conditions or other conditions that could affect participation in the study, such as severely impaired lung function, any active (acute or chronic) or uncontrolled infection/disorders, and non-malignant medical illnesses that are uncontrolled or whose control may be jeopardized by the study treatment
* Current use of medications that interact with or compromise the immune system such as steroid doses \> 10 mg/day prednisone or equivalent daily within 2 weeks before leukapheresis
* History of immunodeficiency disease or autoimmune disease
* Concurrent use of any complementary or alternative medicines
* Unwilling or unable to comply with the study protocol
* Prior major surgery that requires general anesthesia must be completed at least 4 weeks before leukapheresis and surgery that requires local anesthesia (except for study tissue sample collection) must be completed at least 2 weeks before leukapheresis

Where this trial is running

Los Angeles, California

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.