Effects of estrogen on eating disorders in young women

The Role of Estrogen in the Neurobiology of Eating Disorders: A Study of Cognitive Flexibility and Reward in Eating Disorders

PHASE2 · Massachusetts General Hospital · NCT03740204

This study is testing whether a hormone treatment can help young women with eating disorders feel better and change their eating habits.

Quick facts

PhasePHASE2
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment120 (estimated)
Ages14 Years to 35 Years
SexFemale
SponsorMassachusetts General Hospital (other)
Locations1 site (Boston, Massachusetts)
Trial IDNCT03740204 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This interventional study investigates the impact of transdermal estradiol on cognitive flexibility, reward processing, and eating disorder pathology in hypoestrogenemic female adolescents and young adults aged 14-35 with eating disorders characterized by extreme dietary restriction and/or excessive exercise. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either estradiol with cyclic progesterone or a placebo for 12 weeks, with assessments conducted at baseline, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. The study includes behavioral, neuroimaging, and endocrine evaluations to understand the neurobiological role of estrogen in these conditions.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are female adolescents and young adults aged 14-35 with clinically significant eating disorders and hypoestrogenemia.

Not a fit: Patients with eating disorders not characterized by hypoestrogenemia or those with other causes of oligo-amenorrhea may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this study could provide new insights into the treatment of eating disorders by addressing hormonal imbalances in affected young women.

How similar studies have performed: While the role of estrogen in eating disorders is being explored, this specific approach using transdermal estradiol in this population is relatively novel.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria:

* Female
* 14-35 years
* Bone age ≥13.5 years (applicable only for participants \<16 years)
* Clinically significant eating disorder characterized by restriction and/or excessive exercise and high drive for thinness
* Hypoestrogenemia: Oligo-amenorrhea defined as lack of menses for ≥3 months within a 6-month period of oligomenorrhea (cycle length ≥5 weeks) or absence of menses at \>15 years if premenarchal or low estradiol levels evaluated by the study physician
* Low or normal weight defined by a body mass index that is \<85th percentile for 14-18 year olds and a body mass index \<25 kg/m2 for adults

Exclusion criteria:

* Suicidal ideation where outpatient treatment is determined unsafe by study clinician
* Other causes of oligo-amenorrhea, unless a study clinician determines that missed menstrual periods are more likely a consequence of restrictive eating
* Medications that contain estrogen ± progesterone within the past 3 months
* Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device if subject is unable to provide two to three weekly blood samples for estradiol of if estradiol levels are determined to be too high by study doctor
* Neurological or psychiatric disorders that may impact neural circuitry of interest
* Lifetime history of seizure disorder or electroconvulsive therapy
* Pregnancy/breastfeeding
* Gastrointestinal tract surgery
* Contraindications to estrogen use
* Any other significant illness or condition that the investigator determines could interfere with study participation or safety or put the subject at any unnecessary risk

Where this trial is running

Boston, Massachusetts

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.

View on ClinicalTrials.gov →

Conditions: Eating Disorders, Hypoestrogenemia, Adolescent, Amenorrhea, Anorexia Nervosa, Cognitive Flexibility, Dietary Restriction, Estrogen

Last reviewed 2026-05-15 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.