Comparing surgery to observation for treating oral leukoplakia

Comparison Between Surgical Excision and "Wait and See" Approach in the Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia: a Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial

Not applicable Interventional University of Milan · NCT04858100

This study is testing whether surgery or just monitoring is better for treating oral leukoplakia and preventing it from turning into cancer.

Quick facts

PhaseNot applicable
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment310 (estimated)
Ages18 Years and up
SexAll
SponsorUniversity of Milan Academic / other
Locations2 sites (Turin, TO and 1 other locations)
Trial IDNCT04858100 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This research compares the effectiveness of surgical excision versus a 'wait and see' approach for managing oral leukoplakia and erythroleukoplakia, which are conditions that can lead to oral squamous cell carcinoma. The study aims to determine whether surgical intervention can more effectively prevent the onset of cancer compared to regular monitoring. It includes a follow-up period of five years to assess outcomes. This is the first randomized clinical trial to evaluate these two approaches in both dysplastic and nondysplastic cases.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are adults aged 18 and older with a confirmed diagnosis of oral leukoplakia and lesions that meet specific size and location criteria.

Not a fit: Patients with a history of oral cancer, those under 18, or individuals at high risk for surgical complications may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this study could provide clearer guidance on the best management strategies for patients with oral leukoplakia, potentially reducing the risk of cancer.

How similar studies have performed: While there have been studies on the management of oral leukoplakia, this trial is novel as it is the first randomized controlled trial directly comparing surgical treatment to a wait-and-see approach.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* OL diagnosis should be confirmed by incisional diagnostic biopsy and subsequent histopathological analysis
* Subjects' age: 18 years or older
* Lesions' size: 3 cm maximum longitudinal size of the single lesion
* Lesions's location: oral areas with no surgical risk of damages to important anatomical structures such as nerves, salivary ducts and/or arteries.
* Ability to understand and to sign a written informed consent document

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previous oral cancer
* Head and neck radiotherapy
* Subjects under the age of 18
* Subjects affected by PVL (proliferative verrucous leukoplakia)
* High-risk of surgical damages to anatomical structures such as nerves, salivary ducts and/or arteries

Where this trial is running

Turin, TO and 1 other locations

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions Leukoplakia, OralOral Potentially Malignant DisorderOral carcinomaOral medicineCancer prevention
Last reviewed 2026-06-09 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.