Comparing radiosurgery alone versus with whole brain radiation for multiple brain metastases

Parallel Prospective Observational Cohorts Evaluating Stereotactic Radiosurgery Alone (SRS) and Whole Brain Radiotherapy (WBRT) Plus SRS for Patients With 5 to 30 Brain Metastases

This study is testing whether using stereotactic radiosurgery alone or with whole brain radiation is better for people with multiple brain tumors from cancer.

Quick facts

• Study type: Observational
• Enrollment: 126 (estimated)
• Ages: 18 Years and up
• Sex: All
• Sponsor: Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Academic / other)
• Drugs / interventions: chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation
• Locations: 1 site (Toronto, Ontario)
• Trial ID: NCT03775330 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This observational study aims to compare the effectiveness of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone versus SRS combined with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) in patients with 5 to 30 brain metastases. The study is designed as a parallel, prospective observational trial at a single center, focusing on patients diagnosed with non-hematopoietic malignancies. The goal is to gather high-quality evidence to guide treatment decisions for patients with multiple brain metastases, as current standards are based on limited data. Participants will be monitored for outcomes related to survival and neurocognitive function.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are patients with 5 to 30 brain metastases from non-hematopoietic malignancies who have undergone prior SRS for fewer than 5 metastases and have stable disease.

Not a fit: Patients with fewer than 5 or more than 30 brain metastases, or those with hematopoietic malignancies, may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this study could provide clearer guidance on the optimal treatment approach for patients with multiple brain metastases, potentially improving survival and quality of life.

How similar studies have performed: While studies have shown the effectiveness of SRS for fewer brain metastases, this approach for 5 or more metastases is less established, making this study a novel investigation.

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

* Histologic or cytologic diagnosis of non-hematopoietic malignancy (excluding germ cell malignancies and small cell carcinoma).
* Patients with ≥ 5 but ≤ 30 de novo brain metastases seen on a diagnostic-quality contrast-enhanced MRI obtained within 30 days prior to enrollment (or randomization if previously randomized). Patients who are found to have 31-50 metastatic lesions at the time of treatment planning may still participate in the study. Disease progression such that \> 50 brain metastases are detected after initial MRI prior to enrollment but before SRS will be treated off-protocol as per discretion of the treating physician.
* Patients with ≥ 5 but ≤ 30 new brain metastases who have undergone prior SRS for 4 or less brain metastases with stable intracranial disease as per diagnostic MRI for at least 6 months post last course of SRS. Patients who are found to have 31-50 new metastatic lesions at the time of treatment planning may still participate in the study. Disease progression such that \> 50 new brain metastases are detected after initial MRI prior to enrollment but before SRS will be treated off-protocol as per discretion of the treating physician.
* Age ≥ 18.
* Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) ≥ 70.
* Baseline HVLT-R above ≥ 6
* Patients must be able to tolerate WBRT, and all brain lesions must be eligible for treatment with SRS as determined by the radiation oncologist.
* Patient consent must be appropriately obtained in accordance with applicable local and regulatory requirements. Each patient must sign a consent form prior to enrollment in the trial to document their willingness to participate.
* Patient is able to read, speak, and understand (i.e. sufficiently fluent) English in order to allow completion and meaningful analyses of the neurocognitive tests and quality of life questionnaires.
* Patients must be accessible for treatment and follow up. Investigators must assure themselves the patients registered on this trial will be available for complete documentation of the treatment, adverse events, and follow-up.
* Patients who are on immunotherapy must have immunotherapy held at least 1 week before and after completion of radiotherapy. Other targeted agents/therapy must be held at least 1 day before and after SRS. Systemic chemotherapy must be held one week prior to treatment and re-started one week after treatment is complete.
* Protocol treatment is to begin within 4 weeks of patient enrollment (or randomization if previously randomized).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with brain metastases resulting from germ cell malignancies, small cell carcinoma, or hematologic malignancies.
* Prior SRS for 5 or more brain metastases or any SRS for brain metastases within the last 6 months.
* Any prior WBRT or radiotherapy for brain metastases such that the study interventions cannot be delivered.
* Prior surgical resection of metastatic cancer from the brain.
* Patients with evidence of leptomeningeal disease.
* Patients who have a pacemaker or other contraindications, such that gadolinium-enhanced MRI cannot be performed or treatment cannot be delivered safely.
* Patients who have received chemotherapy or immunotherapy within 1 week prior to administration of protocol radiotherapy or who are expected / planned to receive chemotherapy within one week of completing protocol radiotherapy.
* Patients with \< 5 or \> 30 de novo or new brain metastases at time of enrollment, or \> 50 brain metastases at time of treatment planning.
* Patients who are pregnant (women of child-bearing age must have negative pregnancy urine test within 7 days of enrollment or randomization).

Where this trial is running

Toronto, Ontario

• Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre — Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Recruiting)

Study contacts

• Principal investigator: Chia-Lin Tseng, M.D. — Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
• Study coordinator: Diana Ristevski

Conditions Brain Metastases