Comparing fusion surgery and non-surgical treatment for low back pain

Fusion or Not- a Randomized Controlled Study on Low Back Pain

Not applicable Interventional Uppsala University · NCT06709391

This study tests whether fusion surgery or a structured non-surgical treatment works better for people with chronic low back pain from degenerative disc disease.

Quick facts

PhaseNot applicable
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment90 (estimated)
Ages25 Years to 65 Years
SexAll
SponsorUppsala University Academic / other
Locations4 sites (Gothenburg and 3 other locations)
Trial IDNCT06709391 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This clinical trial investigates the effectiveness of fusion surgery versus non-surgical treatments for patients suffering from chronic low back pain due to degenerative disc disease. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either fusion surgery or a structured non-surgical treatment approach after experiencing persistent pain for over a year. The study aims to clarify the benefits and risks associated with fusion surgery, which remains a common yet controversial treatment option. By including an observational group that does not receive any specific treatment, the trial seeks to provide more definitive insights into the management of low back pain.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates are adults aged 25-65 with chronic low back pain lasting over 12 months, who have not responded to non-surgical treatments.

Not a fit: Patients with severe osteoporosis, significant cardiovascular issues, or those who have previously undergone spine surgery may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this study could provide clearer guidance on the effectiveness of fusion surgery for low back pain, potentially improving treatment outcomes for patients.

How similar studies have performed: Previous studies comparing fusion surgery to non-surgical treatments have shown mixed results, indicating that this approach is still under investigation.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* Axial, mechanical, stabbing pain localized to the lower lumbar spine, persisting for at least 12 months, in which non-surgical treatments have been unsuccessful
* A perceived improvement of back muscle strength after structured physical exercise, but severe, quality-of-life-reducing pain persists
* No symptoms or clinical signs of radiculopathy or neurogenic claudication (spinal stenosis)
* Numeric rating scale back pain of at least 5 (on a 0-10 (worst) scale)
* Oswestry Disability index of at least 35 (on a 0-100 (worst) scale)
* MRI-confirmed degenerative disc disease at L4/L5 and/or L5/S1.
* 25-65 years of age
* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification 1 or 2.
* No previous spine surgery, except for previous discectomy without fusion on the symptomatic level
* Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Inability to give informed consent
* Unable to understand Swedish
* Unable to attend follow-up visits
* Severe osteoporosis making the patient unfit for surgery
* Severe cardiovascular, pulmonary or other chronic disease making the patient unfit for surgery
* Isthmic or degenerative spondylolisthesis, grade 2 or larger
* New or old fractures
* Spondylodiscitis
* Anchylosing spondylitis or other inflammatory process in the spine
* Active neoplasm
* Symptoms and clinical signs of nerve root compression or neurogenic claudication requiring decompressive surgery
* Prior lumbar spine surgery (previous discectomy without fusion is not an exclusion criteria)

Where this trial is running

Gothenburg and 3 other locations

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions Low Back Pain, MechanicalDegenerative Disc Disease LumbarLow back pain, degenerative disc disease, lumbar spine, surgery
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.