Comparing daily A2 milk, regular milk, and an oat drink for adults' bone and metabolic health

Effect of the Consumption of Milk With Beta-casein A2A2, Milk With Beta-casein A1A2 and a Plant-based Drink on Metabolic Health in Adults: IMPA-CT Study

This project will see if drinking 500 ml a day of A2 milk, regular milk, or an oat drink for 12 weeks changes bone, metabolic, or immune health in healthy adults aged 30–60.

Quick facts

• Phase: Not applicable
• Study type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 150 (estimated)
• Ages: 30 Years to 60 Years
• Sex: All
• Sponsor: Warsaw University of Life Sciences (Academic / other)
• Drugs / interventions: chemotherapy
• Locations: 1 site (Warsaw, Masovian Voivodeship)
• Trial ID: NCT07436260 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

Healthy adults aged 30–60 with a BMI between 18.5 and 30 kg/m2 were assigned to consume 500 ml daily of either A2-only cow's milk, conventional cow's milk (A1/A2 mix), or an oat-based drink for 12 weeks to compare effects on bone health, cardiometabolic markers, and immune function. The primary focus is on bone health outcomes, with secondary measures including metabolic blood markers and immune-related measures. The study explores whether removing dietary exposure to the peptide BCM-7 (produced from A1 β-casein) by using A2 milk leads to different biological outcomes than conventional milk or a plant-based alternative. Procedures required in-person visits at the study site for baseline and follow-up measurements.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Adults 30–60 years old with BMI 18.5–30 kg/m2, no diagnosed chronic diseases, and not taking medications or supplements that affect carbohydrate or lipid metabolism who can drink 500 ml daily and attend study visits.

Not a fit: People who are pregnant or lactating, have major gastrointestinal disorders, prior radiotherapy/chemotherapy, implanted medical devices, or who follow significantly modified diets (e.g., ketogenic or strict vegetarian) were excluded and are unlikely to benefit from this protocol.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, the results could point to a simple dietary choice—switching to A2 milk—that improves bone and metabolic markers or reduces immune-related effects compared with regular milk or an oat drink.

How similar studies have performed: Previous small studies have suggested A2-only milk may reduce some digestive symptoms compared with A1-containing milk, but evidence on bone, cardiometabolic, or immune outcomes is limited and inconsistent.

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

* aged 30 to 60 years,
* body mass index \>18.5 or \<30 kg/m2,
* no diagnosed chronic disease, i.e. diabetes, cancer, kidney disease,
* not taking medications/dietary supplements that may affect carbohydrate and/or lipid metabolism.

Exclusion Criteria:

* pregnancy or lactation in women,
* implanted medical materials such as: pacemaker, defibrillator, stent, metal suture in the heart or blood vessel, and implants,
* previous radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy,
* significantly modified diet (e.g., ketogenic, vegetarian, or ovo-vegetarian) and health condition requiring a specialist diet,
* unable to give informed consent,
* unable or unwilling to comply with the study procedures,
* have medical history of gastrointestinal surgery or disorders (inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, coeliac disease, Crohn's disease), cardiorespiratory problems, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, bleeding disorders.

Non-exclusion criteria:

* hypertension, or depression that are well-controlled with medical intervention.

Where this trial is running

Warsaw, Masovian Voivodeship

• Warsaw Univeristy of Life Science — Warsaw, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland (Recruiting)

Study contacts

• Study coordinator: Jadwiga Hamulka Prof. dr hab., Prof. dr hab.

Conditions Healthy Participants