Comparing 7 days versus 14 days of antibiotics for kidney transplant patients with acute pyelonephritis

Efficacy of 7 Days Versus 14 Days of Antibiotic Therapy for Acute Pyelonephritis in Kidney Transplant Recipients, a Multicentre Randomized Non-inferiority Trial.

Phase 3 Interventional Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris · NCT05597540

This study is testing if kidney transplant patients with a certain type of kidney infection can be treated safely with just 7 days of antibiotics instead of the usual 14 days.

Quick facts

PhasePhase 3
Study typeInterventional
Enrollment470 (estimated)
Ages18 Years and up
SexAll
SponsorAssistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Academic / other
Locations9 sites (Bordeaux and 8 other locations)
Trial IDNCT05597540 on ClinicalTrials.gov

What this trial studies

This clinical trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of a shorter 7-day antibiotic treatment compared to the standard 14-day regimen for kidney transplant recipients suffering from acute pyelonephritis. The study focuses on patients who have shown a favorable early response to antibiotic therapy, assessing whether a reduced duration of treatment can effectively manage their infections without compromising patient safety. By conducting this multicenter randomized non-inferiority trial, researchers hope to address the issue of antibiotic resistance and improve treatment protocols for urinary tract infections in this vulnerable population.

Who should consider this trial

Good fit: Ideal candidates for this study are kidney transplant recipients over 18 years old who have been diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis and have shown a favorable early response to antibiotic treatment.

Not a fit: Patients with severe or complicated conditions, such as septic shock or rapidly progressing diseases, may not benefit from this study.

Why it matters

Potential benefit: If successful, this study could lead to shorter antibiotic courses for kidney transplant recipients, reducing the risk of antibiotic resistance and improving patient outcomes.

How similar studies have performed: Other studies have explored antibiotic duration in various infections, but this specific approach in kidney transplant recipients is relatively novel.

Eligibility criteria

Show full inclusion / exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:

* Age \>18 years KTR
* APN defined by: fever (T°≥38°C) (with or without clinical signs and/or symptoms of UTI) and pyuria (≥10\^4 white blood cells/mL or ≥10/mm3) and positive urine culture (uropathogen ≥10\^3 CFU/mL susceptible to the empirically administrated antibiotic)
* No confirmed or suspected febrile non urinary bacterial infection
* No urologic/renal complication at baseline imaging (abscess, obstruction...)
* Favourable early response to antibiotic treatment:48 to 60 hours after the first dose of antibiotic effective against the causative uropathogen) defined by: T°\<38°C and improvement (or resolution) of signs and/or symptoms of urinary tract infection if present at diagnosis
* Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severe or complicated condition

  * Any rapidly progressing disease or immediately life-threatening illness, including, but not limited to, septic shock, current or impeding respiratory failure, acute heart or liver failure
  * Admission or stay in intensive care unit at baseline
  * Obstruction of the urinary tract
  * Renal, perinephric or prostatic abscess
* Prior inclusion in this study
* Current participation to another interventional study
* Dual antibiotic therapy (prophylactic antibiotic such as cotrimoxazole allowed) (only 1 dose of aminoside is allowed before randomization)
* First month post transplantation
* Current indwelling catheter (including bladder catheter, ureteral stents, percutaneous nephrostomy tubes)
* Neurogenic bladder
* Enterocystoplasty
* Immunodeficiency or immunosuppressive therapy not related to kidney transplantation including hematologic malignancy, cancer, asplenia, neutropenia\<500 neutrophils/mm3
* Pregnancy, breastfeeding
* Hypersensitivity or previous severe adverse drug reaction to the antibiotic therapy
* Unable or unwilling, in the judgment of the investigator, to comply with the protocol
* Life expectancy\<1 month
* Patient under legal guardianship or without healthcare coverage
* Homeless patient
* Women with childbearing potential not using adequate contraception

Where this trial is running

Bordeaux and 8 other locations

Study contacts

How to participate

  1. Review the eligibility criteria above with your treating physician.
  2. Visit the official trial page on ClinicalTrials.gov for the most current contact information and recruitment status.
  3. Contact the listed study coordinator or principal investigator to request pre-screening. Pre-screening is free and never obligates you to enroll.
Conditions Pyelonephritis AcuteKidney Transplant Infectionantibiotic therapyduration of antibiotic treatment reduction
Last reviewed 2026-06-13 by the Find a Trial editorial team. Information on this page is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals about clinical trial participation.